anti-inflammatory: chapter 49 Flashcards
mechanism of action of nsaids
inhibit platelet aggregation
effect of nsaids on the body
relieve pain, headache, and inflammation
5 contraindications for nsaids
those at risk for bleeding, severe liver or kidney disease, avoid after 32 weeks pregnancy, nursing mothers, stop taking 1 week before surgery
4 adverse effects of nsaids
gi bleeding, acute kidney injury, increased risk of thrombotic events, compromised kidney function
what is the word to describe an overdose of nsaids
saalicylism
what are the 2 most common signs of chronic salicylate intoxication in adults
tinnitus and hearing loss
what are the 2 most common signs of chronic salicylate intoxication in children
hyperventilation and cns effects
what are 2 general signs of chronic salicylate intoxication in any population
increased hr and hypoglycemia
how does acute salicylate intoxication differ from chronic? how is it the same
similar symptoms but with a more severe and quicker onset
what 2 things are used in salicylate overdose
activated charcoal and supportive measures
what are the 4 classes of nsaids
salicylates, acetic acid derivatives, cyclooxygenase 2-inhibitors, proponic acid derivatives
what is a key salicylate drug
aspirin
why can you not give children with flu-like symptoms aspirin
due to the risk of reye’s syndrome which is neuro deficits leading to a coma
what are 2 key acetic acid derivaties
indomethacin, ketorolac
primary indication for indomethacin
arthritis, acute bursitis, tendonitis
primary indication for ketorolac
short term use to manage acute pain
what age group cannot use ketorlac
children under 16yrs
how long can ketorlac be used for. why
up to 7 days because after that there is potential for kidney and gi tract adverse effects
what is a key cyclooxygenase 2-inhibitor
celecoxib
what are 2 key proponic acid drugs
ibuprofen, naproxen
what causes gout
an overproduction of uric acid or decreased excretion of uric acid. this leads to hyperuricemia which is too much uric acid in the blood. this causes an inflammatory response and pain due to the formation of uric acid crystals
what drugs are used as first line therapy to treat gout
nsaids
what are 3 antigout drugs
allopurinol, colchicine, probenecid
mechanism of action of allopurinol. how does this have an effect on the body
inhibit xantine oxidase which prevents uric acid production
4 adverse effects of allopurinol
agranulocytosis, anemia, stevens-johnson syndrome, epidermal necrolysis
which antigout drug is used as second line therapy after nsaids
colchicine
effect of colchicine on the body
reduce inflammatory response
2 adverse effects of colchicine
short term leukopenia, can cause bleeding into gi or urinary tracts
mechanism of action of probenecid and how does this have an effect on the body
inhibit reabsorption of uric acid in the kidney leading to increased excretion of uric acid
which antigout drug poses no risk if used during pregnancy
probenecid
what is the indication for glucosamine and chondroitin
osteoarthritis
what is the main adverse effect of glucosamine and chondroitin
gi discomfort
what drug does glucosamine and chondroitin interact with
wafarin
does glucosamine or chondroitin increase insulin resistance
glucosamine
are glucosamine and chondroitin safe to use during pregnancy
no
what can be taken with antigout drugs to aid in drug administration (3)
food, milk, antacids
what 5 things must be immediately reported while taking anti-inflammatories or antigout drugs
gi upset, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, blood in the stool
what type of foods must be limited while on allopurinol
foods high in purine
what are 5 examples of foods high in purine
seafood, red meat, yeast, beans/peas, oatmeal, spinach, asparagus, mushrooms
