cns stimulants: chapter 14

Question 1

mechanism of action of amphetamines

Answer 1

increase release and block reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine in the cns

Question 2

CNS effects of amphetamines (4)

Answer 2

elevate moods, increase mental alertness, decrease fatigue, enhance task performance

Question 3

respiratory effects of amphetamines (3)

Answer 3

relax bronchial smooth muscle, increase respiration, dilate pulmonary arteries

Question 4

mechanism of action of nonamphetamines

Answer 4

reduce GABA

Question 5

effect of nonamphetamines

Answer 5

promote wakefulness

Question 6

indications for methylphenidate (2)

Answer 6

ADHD, narcolepsy

Question 7

indication for atomoxetine

Answer 7

ADHD

Question 8

indication for modafinil

Answer 8

narcolepsy

Question 9

2 contraindications for amphetamines/nonamphetamines

Answer 9

cardiac structure abnormalities, MAOI use in the past 14 days

Question 10

5 adverse effects of amphetamines/nonamphetamines

Answer 10

speed up body systems, insomnia, blurred vision, gi distress, suicidal thoughts/behaviours

Question 11

3 key amphetamine drugs

Answer 11

amphetamine asparte, methylphenidate, atomoxetinr

Question 12

what is the most common drug used for adhd

Answer 12

amphetamine asparte

Question 13

what can amphetamine asparte be used to treat

Answer 13

adhd and narcolepsy

Question 14

what can methylphenidate be used to treat

Answer 14

adhd and narcolepsy

Question 15

what can atomoxetine be used to treat

Answer 15

adhd in children older than 6yrs and adults

Question 16

what is a major risk factor of using atomoxetine

Answer 16

suicial thoughts/behaviours

Question 17

what is a key nonamphetamine drug

Answer 17

modafinil

Question 18

what is modafinil used to treat

Answer 18

narcolepsy

Question 19

general effect of anorexiants

Answer 19

suppress appetite

Question 20

mechanism of action of orlistate

Answer 20

irreversibly inhibit lipase which reduces absorption of fat from the gi tract and increases fat elimination in feces

Question 21

indications for the use of anorexiants

Answer 21

bmi greater than 30, bmi greater than 27 along with hypertension or high cholesterol or type 2 diabetes

Question 22

contraindication for anorexiants

Answer 22

chronic malabsorption syndrome

Question 23

2 adverse effects of anorexiants

Answer 23

upper respiratory tract infections, gi distress

Question 24

what vitamins are affected when a patient is taking orlistat. why

Answer 24

decreased concentrations of vitamins a, d, and e due to decreased fat absorption

Question 25

what class of drugs is first line therapy for the treatment of migraines

Answer 25

serotonin receptor agonists

Question 26

what is a key serotonin receptor agonist drug

Answer 26

sumatriptan

Question 27

what is another name for serotonin receptor agonists

Answer 27

triptans

Question 28

which class of drugs used to be the drug of choice for migranes before they were replaced by tripans

Answer 28

ergot alkaloids

Question 29

mechanism of action of triptans and how this has an effect on the body

Answer 29

stimulate 5-HT receptors which causes vasocontriction to reduce or eliminate the headache

Question 30

mechanism of action of ergot alkaloids

Answer 30

constrict blood vessels in the brain and carotid arteries

Question 31

contraindication for antimigraine drugs. why

Answer 31

serious cardiovascular disease due to vasocontriction

Question 32

why may the PO route of sumatriptan not be tolerable

Answer 32

nausea and vomiting

Question 33

4 adverse effects of sumatriptan

Answer 33

tingling, flushing, congestion, irritation at site if injection is used

Question 34

general mechansims of action of analeptics

Answer 34

stimulate areas of the cns that control respirations, inhibit phosphodiesterase

Question 35

how does the inhibition of phosphodiesterase have an effect on the body

Answer 35

relax respiratory tract smooth muscle, dilate pulmonary aterioles, stimulate the cns

Question 36

mechanism of action of caffeine

Answer 36

block adenosine receptors

Question 37

indication of analeptics

Answer 37

stimulate respirations

Question 38

2 contraindications for analeptics

Answer 38

peptic ulcer disease, serious cardiovascular conditions

Question 39

3 vagal adverse effects of analeptics

Answer 39

gastric secretions, diarrhea, reflex tachycardia

Question 40

2 vasomotor adverse effects of analeptics

Answer 40

flushing, sweating

Question 41

respiratory adverse effect of analeptics

Answer 41

increased respiratory rate

Question 42

2 skeletal muscle adverse effects of analeptics

Answer 42

tension, tremors

Question 43

neurological adverse effect of analeptics

Answer 43

reduced deep tendon reflexes

Question 44

what is a key analeptic drug

Answer 44

caffiene

Question 45

3 contraindications for caffeine

Answer 45

recent MI or cardiac dysrhythmias, peptic ulcers

Question 46

when should the last daily dose of cns stimulants be taken before bedtime. why

Answer 46

4-6hrs before to decrease insomnia

Question 47

when should anorexiants ideally be taken

Answer 47

first thing in the morning

Question 48

what must be assessed weekly or as ordered while on anorexiants

Answer 48

weight

Question 49

what should be avoided while taking anorexiants

Answer 49

caffeine

Question 50

what may need to be supplemented while on anorexiants

Answer 50

fat soluble vitamins

Question 51

what 5 things must be immediately reported

Answer 51

irregular heartbeat, chest pain, change in vision, confusion, slurred speech

Question 52

when should adhd meds be taken in terms of meals

Answer 52

on an empty stomach, 30-45min before meals