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NURS 252 > immunizing drugs: chapter 51 > Flashcards

immunizing drugs: chapter 51 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 types of active immunizations

A

toxoids, vaccines

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2
Q

what are toxoids useful for

A

toxin-producing bacteria

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3
Q

what are the 3 types of vaccines

A

live, attenuated (weakened), inactivated

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4
Q

how do vaccines provide immunity

A

stimulate the production of antibodies

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5
Q

what types of vaccines can provide life-time immunity

A

live vaccines

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6
Q

what types of vaccines required booster shots

A

inactivated

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7
Q

what ages receive the hepatitis b vaccine

A

2 months, 4 months, 6 months, grade 6, adult booster

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8
Q

how does passive immunization work

A

the immune system is bypassed and the person is injected directly with immunoglobulins. the host does not have to synthesize antibodies

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9
Q

what 2 populations can benefit from passive immunization

A

immunosuppressed, already infected as it can offer temporary protection to try to prevent the disease from killing them

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10
Q

what is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity

A

occurs between a mother and fetus or nursing infant

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11
Q

what are 3 types of passive immunizations

A

antitoxin, immunoglobulin, antivenin

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12
Q

mechanism of action of active immunization

A

the vaccine or toxoid stimulates the humoral immune system to synthesize immunoglobulins. this triggers the formation of antibodies which will then kill foreign substances that enter the body

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13
Q

what is antibody titre

A

it assess if there is enough antibodies present to fight an infection

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14
Q

mechanism of action of passive immunization

A

antibodies are directly given so the body does not have to synthesize antibodies

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15
Q

why is passive immunity temporary

A

injected immunoglobulins are removed by the reticuloendothelial system

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16
Q

what is serum sickness

A

repeated injections of equine-derived immunizing drugs

17
Q

what are 6 signs of serum sickness

A

edema of the face, rash, fever, itching, dyspnea, cardiovascular collapse

18
Q

what drugs can cause interactions with immunizations

A

immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids and cancer chemotherapy drugs can reduce efficacy

19
Q

what is tetanus

A

toxins from bacteria attack the immune system causing painful muscle spasms, difficulty breathing, and seizures

20
Q

what is tetanus immunoglobulin given for

A

prophylaxis for people with tetanus prone wounds

21
Q

who should receive the hepatitis b vaccine

A

recommended for childhood vaccinations, healthcare workers, those with diabetes

22
Q

why is the hepatitis b vaccine recommended for those with diabetes

A

diabetes can cause defective phagocytic and neutrophil function

23
Q

who is recommended to receive the influenza vaccine

A

those 6 months or older

24
Q

how is the influenza vaccine formulated

A

with 3 different strains that are likely to be the most prevalent that season

25
Q

what populations are at increased risk for complications from influenza

A

older adults, immunocompromised, children receiving long term aspirin therapy due to the risk of reye’s syndrome

26
Q

what are 2 goals of the canadian pandemic plan

A

minimize overall illness and deaths, minimize societal disruption associated with an influenza pandemic

27
Q

what are 2 key components of the canadian pandemic plan

A
  1. preparedness: prevention strategies and activities to prepare for the pandemic
  2. response: high level operational activities for an effective response
28
Q

what is the preferred immunization location for children

A

vastus lateralis

29
Q

what is the preferred immunization location for older children and adults

A

deltoid

30
Q

what 2 things can be done if there is discomfort after injection

A

apply a warm compress, administer acetaminophen

31
Q

what drug should be available when giving a vaccine. why

A

epinephrine in case of an allergic reaction

NURS 252 (18 decks)

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