immunizing drugs: chapter 51 Flashcards
what are the 2 types of active immunizations
toxoids, vaccines
what are toxoids useful for
toxin-producing bacteria
what are the 3 types of vaccines
live, attenuated (weakened), inactivated
how do vaccines provide immunity
stimulate the production of antibodies
what types of vaccines can provide life-time immunity
live vaccines
what types of vaccines required booster shots
inactivated
what ages receive the hepatitis b vaccine
2 months, 4 months, 6 months, grade 6, adult booster
how does passive immunization work
the immune system is bypassed and the person is injected directly with immunoglobulins. the host does not have to synthesize antibodies
what 2 populations can benefit from passive immunization
immunosuppressed, already infected as it can offer temporary protection to try to prevent the disease from killing them
what is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity
occurs between a mother and fetus or nursing infant
what are 3 types of passive immunizations
antitoxin, immunoglobulin, antivenin
mechanism of action of active immunization
the vaccine or toxoid stimulates the humoral immune system to synthesize immunoglobulins. this triggers the formation of antibodies which will then kill foreign substances that enter the body
what is antibody titre
it assess if there is enough antibodies present to fight an infection
mechanism of action of passive immunization
antibodies are directly given so the body does not have to synthesize antibodies
why is passive immunity temporary
injected immunoglobulins are removed by the reticuloendothelial system
what is serum sickness
repeated injections of equine-derived immunizing drugs
what are 6 signs of serum sickness
edema of the face, rash, fever, itching, dyspnea, cardiovascular collapse
what drugs can cause interactions with immunizations
immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids and cancer chemotherapy drugs can reduce efficacy
what is tetanus
toxins from bacteria attack the immune system causing painful muscle spasms, difficulty breathing, and seizures
what is tetanus immunoglobulin given for
prophylaxis for people with tetanus prone wounds
who should receive the hepatitis b vaccine
recommended for childhood vaccinations, healthcare workers, those with diabetes
why is the hepatitis b vaccine recommended for those with diabetes
diabetes can cause defective phagocytic and neutrophil function
who is recommended to receive the influenza vaccine
those 6 months or older
how is the influenza vaccine formulated
with 3 different strains that are likely to be the most prevalent that season
what populations are at increased risk for complications from influenza
older adults, immunocompromised, children receiving long term aspirin therapy due to the risk of reye’s syndrome
what are 2 goals of the canadian pandemic plan
minimize overall illness and deaths, minimize societal disruption associated with an influenza pandemic
what are 2 key components of the canadian pandemic plan
- preparedness: prevention strategies and activities to prepare for the pandemic
- response: high level operational activities for an effective response
what is the preferred immunization location for children
vastus lateralis
what is the preferred immunization location for older children and adults
deltoid
what 2 things can be done if there is discomfort after injection
apply a warm compress, administer acetaminophen
what drug should be available when giving a vaccine. why
epinephrine in case of an allergic reaction
