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NURS 252 > antiepileptic: chapter 15 > Flashcards

antiepileptic: chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the drug of choice for the immediate treatment of status epilepticus

A

diazepam

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2
Q

mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs

A

alter the movement of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium which leads to more stabilized and less responsive cell membranes

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3
Q

how do antileptic drugs make nerve excitement more difficult

A

increase threshold activity in the motor cortex

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4
Q

how do antileptic drugs suppress nerve impulse transmission

A

limit the spread of the seizure from its origin

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5
Q

how does GABA correspond with seizures? explain how antiepileptic drugs effect this

A

antiepileptic drugs enhance GABA. normal GABA levels leads to less seizures

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6
Q

what are the 4 common drugs used to treat focal, secondary general, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures

A

carbamazepine, phenobarbitol, primidone, phenytoin

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7
Q

in addition to the 4 common drugs, which drug is common for the treatment of secondary general and generalized tonic-clonic seizures

A

lamotrigine

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8
Q

which types of seizures can valporic acid be used to treat

A

generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic

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9
Q

what is the only drug that can be used to treat absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

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10
Q

key adverse effect of phenobarbitol and primidone

A

paradoxical restlessness

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11
Q

5 adverse effects of phenytoin

A

nystagmus, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia, acne, hirutism, dilantin facies

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12
Q

3 adverse effects of valporic acid

A

gi upset, weight gain, hepatotoxicity

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13
Q

3 adverse effects of carbamazepine

A

visual change, rash, abnormal gait

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14
Q

2 adverse effects of gabapentin

A

visual and speech changes, edema

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15
Q

2 adverse effects of pregabalin

A

peripheral edema, blurred vision

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16
Q

2 adverse effects of lamotrigine

A

skin rashes, vision changes

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17
Q

2 adverse effects of levetiracetam

A

behavioural changes, incoordination

18
Q

1 adverse effect of ethosuximide

A

abdominal pain

19
Q

what is a key interaction of phenytoin

A

increase the levels of free warfarin and bleeding risk

20
Q

key interaction of carbamazepine

A

increase hepatic metabolism of acetaminophen and toxicity risk

21
Q

key interaction of valporic acid

A

when combined with aspirin it will increase the levels of free valporic acid and toxicity risk

22
Q

what drug class is phenobarbitol and primidone

A

barbiturate

23
Q

3 contraindications for the use of phenobarbitol and primidone

A

porphyria, liver or kidney impairment, respiratory illness

24
Q

contraindication for the use of phenytoin

A

heart issues involving bradycardia or blockage of electrocardiac function

25
Q

what is a long term consequence of phenytoin

A

osteoprosis

26
Q

4 signs of phenytoin toxicity

A

nystagamus, ataxia, dysarthria, encephalopathy

27
Q

what are 2 considerations for iv administration of phenytoin

A

you can only use NS, you must use a filter

28
Q

what drug class is carbamazepine

A

iminostilbene

29
Q

what drug class is phenytoin

A

hydantoin

30
Q

contraindication for carbamazepine

A

bone marrow suppression

31
Q

explain autoinduction of liver enzymes

A

the drug stimulates the production of enzymes that enhances its own metabolism which leads to lower than expected drug concentrations

32
Q

which drug is associated with autoinduction of liver enzymes

A

carbamazepine

33
Q

what drug class is ethosuximide

A

succinimide

34
Q

mechanism of action of gabapentin

A

increase synthesis and accumulation of gaba between neurons

35
Q

mechanism of action of pregabalin

A

affect calcium channels in the cns

36
Q

what adverse effect can lamotrigine cause

A

drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)

37
Q

what symptoms are required for the classification of DRESS

A

fever, rash, and one internal organ involvement which is usually the liver

38
Q

2 contraindications for valporic acid

A

liver impairment, urea cycle disorder

39
Q

2 general nursing considerations for the administration of antiepileptics

A
  • take with 180-240ml of water and food

- avoid juice, milk, and carbonated beverages

40
Q

what cannot be administered alongside carbamazepine

A

grapefruit

41
Q

what is the most common adverse effect of levetiracetam

A

sleepiness due to cns depression

NURS 252 (18 decks)

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