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Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Which are fat soluble enzymes

A

Vitamin A D E and K

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2
Q

Vitamin b1 has which ring

A

Thiazole ring

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3
Q

Active form of vitamin b1

A

Thiamine pyrophosphate

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4
Q

Thiazole ring is substituted with?

A

Pyrimidine

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5
Q

Function of vitamin b1

A

Serves as coenzyme in oxidative decarboxylation and also for enzyme transketolase.

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6
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b1

A

Beri beri disease and Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome

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7
Q

Name of vitamin b1

A

Thiamine

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8
Q

Constituents of vitamin b2

A

Flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide

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9
Q

Riboflavin is made of

A

Ribitol and isoalloxazine

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10
Q

Process of formation of fadh2 from riboflavin

A

Riboflavin gets phosphate to form FMN
FMN gets AMP to form FAD (oxidised)
FAD gets reduced to form FADH2 (reduced)

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11
Q

Name of vitamin b2 and b3

A

Riboflavin and niacin

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12
Q

What is the active form of vitamin b3

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

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13
Q

What is the function of NAD+ and nadp+

A

Serve as co enzyme in oxidation and reduction reaction

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14
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b3

A

Pellagra disease
Symptoms: dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia

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15
Q

What is the name of vitamin b7

A

Biotin and vitamin H

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16
Q

What is the active form of vitamin b7

A

Biocytin

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17
Q

Function of vitamin b7

A

Plays a crucial role in carboxylation reaction using bicarbonate

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18
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b7

A

Biotin deficiency does not occur naturally, but egg white has avidin present in it that inhibits absorption of biotin

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19
Q

What is the name of vitamin B5

A

Pentothenic Acid

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20
Q

Vitamin B5 is a constituent of what

A

Coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein

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21
Q

What was used to be vitamin b4

A

Choline

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22
Q

Which vitamin helps in maturation of RBCs

A

Vitamin b12 and vitamin b9

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23
Q

What is vitamin b9 called

A

Folic Acid

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24
Q

Explain the structure of vitamin b9

A

Composed of pterin ring attached to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and with one or more glutamic acid residue

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25
What blocks folic acid formation
Sulfa drug
26
Biologically active form of folic acid
Tetrahydrofolate
27
Analogs of folic acid
Methotrexate and aminopterin
28
Deficiency of vitamin b9
Megaloblastic anemia
29
What is vitamin b12 called
Cobalamin
30
Components of vit b12
Corrin ring and 5,6 dimethylbenzimidazole ribonucleotide
31
What are the two rings in corrin ring system
Has two pyrrole ring
32
Metal binded to four pyrrole ring
Cobalt
33
Two coenzymes of vit b12
5' deoxyadenosylcobalamin (coenzyme b12) and methylcobalamin
34
Name of vit b6
Collective term for Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine
35
Where are Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine found?
Pyridoxine in plants, pyridoxamine and pyridoxal in foods obtained from animals
36
Biologically active form of vitamin b6
Pyridoxal phosphate
37
Function of vitamin b6
Transamination, alpha and beta decarboxylation, aldol reaction and beta and gamma elimination
38
Why humans and some other primates as well as fishes are unable to synthesise vit c
Because they lack the enzyme L guluno gamma lactone oxidase
39
Deficiency of vit c
Scurvy
40
Name of vitamin A
Retinol
41
What is the function of vitamin A
Functions as hormone as well as visual pigment. Essential for vision, reproduction, growth and maintenance of epithelial tissue
42
What is vitamin A1? Which ring does it have and where is it found?
It has a beta ionine ring and is found in animal tissues as retinyl ester
43
What is the precursor of vitamin A1 and where is it found? How many molecules of vitamin A1 does it give?
Precursor of vitamin A1 is beta carotine. It is found in plants and gives two molecules of retinol
44
How is retinal formed
Oxidation at C 15 of retinol.
45
What is a component of visual pigment of rod and cone cells?
Rhodopsin as it contains 11- cis retinal and opsin
46
How is retinoic acid formed
Oxidation of retinal. It cannot be reduced.
47
Function of retinoic acid
Regulates gene expression and synthesis of glycoprotein
48
Name the vitamin which is not an antioxidant
Vitamin D
49
What is the name of vitamin d3 and how is it formed
Cholecalciferol or calcio. Formed by 7 - dehydrocholesterol
50
What is the name of hormone formed by vitamin d3 in liver and kidney? What does it do?
1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. Regulates calcium level
51
Name of vitamin D2
Ergocalciferol
52
Deficiency of vitamin D2
Rickets and osteomalacia
53
Name dietary antioxidants
Vitamin B Vitamin K Beta carotene
54
Which is the most abundant lipid soluble antioxidant
Vitamin E
55
Which molecule present in vitamin E helps in antioxidant properties
Tocopherol
56
Deficiency of vitamin E causes what
Neuromuscular pathology
57
Tocopherol prevent oxidation of?
Vitamin A
58
Function of vitamin E
It is a cofactor in ETC in cytochrome chain
59
Deficiency of vitamin b12
Pernicious anemia
60
Different forms in which vitamin K exist
Phylloquinone, menaquinone
61
Function of vitamin K
It helps in blood clotting, participates in carboxylation of glutamate amino acid residue.
62
Dicoumarol is which vitamin?
Vitamin K
63
Structural analogue of vitamin K
Warfarin
64
Which vitamin prevents rancidity
Vitamin E and C

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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