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Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Which are fat soluble enzymes

A

Vitamin A D E and K

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2
Q

Vitamin b1 has which ring

A

Thiazole ring

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3
Q

Active form of vitamin b1

A

Thiamine pyrophosphate

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4
Q

Thiazole ring is substituted with?

A

Pyrimidine

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5
Q

Function of vitamin b1

A

Serves as coenzyme in oxidative decarboxylation and also for enzyme transketolase.

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6
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b1

A

Beri beri disease and Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome

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7
Q

Name of vitamin b1

A

Thiamine

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8
Q

Constituents of vitamin b2

A

Flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide

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9
Q

Riboflavin is made of

A

Ribitol and isoalloxazine

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10
Q

Process of formation of fadh2 from riboflavin

A

Riboflavin gets phosphate to form FMN
FMN gets AMP to form FAD (oxidised)
FAD gets reduced to form FADH2 (reduced)

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11
Q

Name of vitamin b2 and b3

A

Riboflavin and niacin

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12
Q

What is the active form of vitamin b3

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

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13
Q

What is the function of NAD+ and nadp+

A

Serve as co enzyme in oxidation and reduction reaction

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14
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b3

A

Pellagra disease
Symptoms: dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia

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15
Q

What is the name of vitamin b7

A

Biotin and vitamin H

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16
Q

What is the active form of vitamin b7

A

Biocytin

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17
Q

Function of vitamin b7

A

Plays a crucial role in carboxylation reaction using bicarbonate

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18
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b7

A

Biotin deficiency does not occur naturally, but egg white has avidin present in it that inhibits absorption of biotin

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19
Q

What is the name of vitamin B5

A

Pentothenic Acid

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20
Q

Vitamin B5 is a constituent of what

A

Coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein

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21
Q

What was used to be vitamin b4

A

Choline

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22
Q

Which vitamin helps in maturation of RBCs

A

Vitamin b12 and vitamin b9

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23
Q

What is vitamin b9 called

A

Folic Acid

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24
Q

Explain the structure of vitamin b9

A

Composed of pterin ring attached to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and with one or more glutamic acid residue

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25
Q

What blocks folic acid formation

A

Sulfa drug

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26
Q

Biologically active form of folic acid

A

Tetrahydrofolate

27
Q

Analogs of folic acid

A

Methotrexate and aminopterin

28
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b9

A

Megaloblastic anemia

29
Q

What is vitamin b12 called

30
Q

Components of vit b12

A

Corrin ring and 5,6 dimethylbenzimidazole ribonucleotide

31
Q

What are the two rings in corrin ring system

A

Has two pyrrole ring

32
Q

Metal binded to four pyrrole ring

33
Q

Two coenzymes of vit b12

A

5’ deoxyadenosylcobalamin (coenzyme b12) and methylcobalamin

34
Q

Name of vit b6

A

Collective term for Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine

35
Q

Where are Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine found?

A

Pyridoxine in plants, pyridoxamine and pyridoxal in foods obtained from animals

36
Q

Biologically active form of vitamin b6

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

37
Q

Function of vitamin b6

A

Transamination, alpha and beta decarboxylation, aldol reaction and beta and gamma elimination

38
Q

Why humans and some other primates as well as fishes are unable to synthesise vit c

A

Because they lack the enzyme L guluno gamma lactone oxidase

39
Q

Deficiency of vit c

40
Q

Name of vitamin A

41
Q

What is the function of vitamin A

A

Functions as hormone as well as visual pigment. Essential for vision, reproduction, growth and maintenance of epithelial tissue

42
Q

What is vitamin A1? Which ring does it have and where is it found?

A

It has a beta ionine ring and is found in animal tissues as retinyl ester

43
Q

What is the precursor of vitamin A1 and where is it found? How many molecules of vitamin A1 does it give?

A

Precursor of vitamin A1 is beta carotine. It is found in plants and gives two molecules of retinol

44
Q

How is retinal formed

A

Oxidation at C 15 of retinol.

45
Q

What is a component of visual pigment of rod and cone cells?

A

Rhodopsin as it contains 11- cis retinal and opsin

46
Q

How is retinoic acid formed

A

Oxidation of retinal. It cannot be reduced.

47
Q

Function of retinoic acid

A

Regulates gene expression and synthesis of glycoprotein

48
Q

Name the vitamin which is not an antioxidant

49
Q

What is the name of vitamin d3 and how is it formed

A

Cholecalciferol or calcio. Formed by 7 - dehydrocholesterol

50
Q

What is the name of hormone formed by vitamin d3 in liver and kidney? What does it do?

A

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. Regulates calcium level

51
Q

Name of vitamin D2

A

Ergocalciferol

52
Q

Deficiency of vitamin D2

A

Rickets and osteomalacia

53
Q

Name dietary antioxidants

A

Vitamin B
Vitamin K
Beta carotene

54
Q

Which is the most abundant lipid soluble antioxidant

55
Q

Which molecule present in vitamin E helps in antioxidant properties

A

Tocopherol

56
Q

Deficiency of vitamin E causes what

A

Neuromuscular pathology

57
Q

Tocopherol prevent oxidation of?

58
Q

Function of vitamin E

A

It is a cofactor in ETC in cytochrome chain

59
Q

Deficiency of vitamin b12

A

Pernicious anemia

60
Q

Different forms in which vitamin K exist

A

Phylloquinone, menaquinone

61
Q

Function of vitamin K

A

It helps in blood clotting, participates in carboxylation of glutamate amino acid residue.

62
Q

Dicoumarol is which vitamin?

63
Q

Structural analogue of vitamin K

64
Q

Which vitamin prevents rancidity

A

Vitamin E and C

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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