Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrophobicity of fatty acids is due to

A

Predominant hydrocarbon chain

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2
Q

What are simple and complex lipid

A

Simple lipids are those that yields two types of products on hydrolysis.
Complex lipids yields two or three types of products on hydrolysis.

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3
Q

Fatty acids

A

Simplest form of lipids. Have a long chain hydrocarbon with one carboxylic group. It is amphipathic in nature.

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4
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Fatty acids that are not synthesized in the human body. Example linoleate and linolenate.

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5
Q

What affects the melting point of fatty acids

A

The longer the chain, the higher the melting point. Greater the number of double bonds the lower the melting point.

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6
Q

How does the chain length affects the solubility in water

A

The longer the fatty acyl chain and fewer the double bonds the lower is the solubility in water

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7
Q

Triacylglycerol

A

They have three fatty acid chain and one glycerol.
Non polar and neutral and hydrophobic in nature

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8
Q

Major storage form of lipids

A

Triacylglycerol

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9
Q

Saponification

A

Hydrolysis of triacylglycerol with an alkali such as NaOH or KOH

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10
Q

Waxes. Eg.

A

Esters of fatty acids.
Beeswax from bees have triacontanyl palmitate.
Carnauba wax from Copernicia prunifera

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11
Q

Ether glycerophospholipid

A

Possesses an ether linkage at C1 carbon of glycerol. Eg. Platelet accumulating factor

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12
Q

Plasmalogen

A

Ether glycerophospholipid in which alkyl moiety is cis a,b unsaturated

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13
Q

Steroid

A

Complex derivatives of triterpenes. Composed of four fused rings called steroid nucleus. Sterols are amphipathic in nature.

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14
Q

Cholesterol

A

Acts as a precursor for steroid hormones and bile salts. Not found in plants and fungi. 27 carbon compound has four rings and C3 has a OH group present. It keeps membrane fluid

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15
Q

Eicosanoids

A

Signalling molecules act locally.
Two types, prostanoids and leukotrienes.

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16
Q

Pathways of prostanoids and leukotrienes

A

Prostanoids - cyclooxygenase pathway
Eicosanoids - Lipoxygenase pathway

17
Q

Prostanoids include?

A

Prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes

18
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Identified in human semen. All mammalian cells except RBCs produce them. Derivatives of prostanoic acid. Precursor arachidonic acid.

19
Q

Precursor of prostaglandins and thromboxanes

A

Prostaglandins H2

20
Q

Function of prostaglandins

A

Uterine contraction
Vasodilator
Low BP
Inflammation
Pain

21
Q

Inhibitor of prostaglandins

A

Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs

22
Q

Thromboxanes

A

In blood platelets. Helps in clotting and vasoconstrictor.

23
Q

Prostacyclin

A

Formed by PGH2 by enzyme prostacyclin synthase. Abundant in endothelial cells. Vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation

24
Q

Leukotrienes

A

Derived from arachidonic acid. Do not have a ring. Occurs in leukocytes. Increases intracellular calcium. Decreases intracellular cAMP

25
Prostaglandins synthesis is increased by?
Activating phospholipase by angiotensin II
26
Plasma Lipoprotein
Protein with a lipid in human plasma
27
Lipoprotein types
Low density lipoprotein Very low density lipoprotein Chylomicron Intermediate density lipoprotein High density lipoprotein
28
Lipoprotein structure
Core having neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters. Coated with monolayer of phospholipids and cholesterols with protein (apolipoprotein) and cholesterol.
29
Relationship of molecular mass and density
Inversely proportional
30
Transport of exogenous triacylglycerol
Chylomicron
31
Transport of endogenous triacylglycerol
VLDL
32
Name the most important type of glycolipid
Glycosphingolipid