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Biochemistry > Lipid Metabolism (Refer Book Too) > Flashcards

Lipid Metabolism (Refer Book Too) Flashcards

1
Q

Which organs are the most active for producing triacylglycerol

A

Liver and intestine

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2
Q

What are the two main biosynthetic pathway for lipid synthesis and where are they occur

A

SN glycerol 3 phosphate pathway - Liver and Adipose tissue
Monoacylglycerol pathway - Intestine

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3
Q

What are the hormones that influence conversion of free fatty acids and glycerol

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine and glucagon

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4
Q

What is the enzyme that break triacylglycerol molecule

A

TAG lipase

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5
Q

Where does biosynthesis of fatty acid occur

A

Cytosol in animal and yeast
Chloroplast stroma in plants

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6
Q

Inhibitor of acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

Palmitoleoyl CoA, epinephrine, cAMP mediated phosphorylation and glucagon

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7
Q

Promoter of acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

Insulin and citrate

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8
Q

FAS1 and FAS2

A

FAS 1 is of vertebrates and fungi. They have one large polypeptide. Animal has two homodimer, fungi has heterodimer, a (3 subunit) and b (4 subunit)
FAS 2 is of plants and bacteria. They have seven different domain.

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9
Q

What is elongation of fatty acid

A

Adding two carbons on 16 C fatty acid. For eg stearic acid (18 C)
Adds malonyl CoA in ER and acetyl CoA in mitochondria

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10
Q

Types of fatty acids oxidation and where does it occur

A

a oxidation - peroxisome
B oxidation - peroxisome and mitochondria
w oxidation - ER

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11
Q

What enzyme activates fatty acid before undergoing mitochondrial oxidation

A

Acyl CoA ligase

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12
Q

Name of the carrier that transport fatty acyl CoA

A

Carnitine

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13
Q

Upto what chain length can fatty acid cross the mitochondrial membrane

A

12 C chain length

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14
Q

What is the chemical name of carnitine

A

B hydroxy g trimethyl ammonium butyrate

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15
Q

Name the processes of B oxidation of saturated fatty acids even number

A

Oxidation or dehydrogenation
Hydrolysis
Oxidation or dehydrogenation
Thiolysis

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16
Q

How many cycles will a 16 carbon molecule undergoes in b oxidation and how many acetyl CoA will be formed

A

8 acetyl CoA will be formed and it will undergo 7 cycle

17
Q

How many ATP is produced in 16 carbon b oxidation

A

106 ATP

18
Q

In case of b oxidation of odd number carbon what is produced

A

Propionyl CoA is yielded

19
Q

What are the enzyme used in be oxidation of odd number carbon

A

Propionyl CoA carboxylase
Methylmalonyl epimerase
Methylmalonyl mutase

20
Q

What is produced in case of monounsaturated carbon

A

Palmitoleoyl CoA

21
Q

What is formed second time in poly unsaturated fatty acids

A

2,4 dienoyl CoA

22
Q

Enzymes used in poly unsaturated fatty acids

A

2,4 dienoyl CoA reductase
3,2 Enoyl CoA isomerase

23
Q

What happens in peroxysomal b oxidation

A

It does not degrade fatty acids it shorten the chain

24
Q

Why does no ATP is formed in peroxisome

A

Because the fadh2 formed goes to oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide

25
Q

Where does b oxidation of fatty acids take place in plants

A

Glyoxysome via glyoxylate pathway

26
Q

What does a oxidation does

A

It is a minor pathway. IT degrades branched fatty acids

27
Q

What does phytanic acid become after oxidation

A

Pristanic acid

28
Q

Where does phytanic acid come from

A

It is an oxidation product of phytol of chlorophyll

29
Q

What causes Refsum’s disease

A

If a oxidation is defective and phytanic acid is not degraded

30
Q

What happens in w oxidation

A

It is a minor pathway. Oxidation of terminal carbon of a normal fatty acid occurs and leads to the synthesis of small amount of dicoboxylic acid.

31
Q

What catalyzes the w oxidation

A

Cytochrome P 450

32
Q

Whats leads to the formation of ketone bodies

A

In mitochondria of liver when the acetyl CoA accumulates beyond its capacity to be oxidized it leads to the formation of ketone bodies

33
Q

What are the products of ketogenesis

A

Acetoacetate, b hydroxybutyrate and acetone

34
Q

What happens in the high concentration of ketone bodies

A

Ketonemia ketonurea both are called ketosis. Diabetes mellitus hence ketoacidosis

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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