Lipid Metabolism (Refer Book Too) Flashcards
Which organs are the most active for producing triacylglycerol
Liver and intestine
What are the two main biosynthetic pathway for lipid synthesis and where are they occur
SN glycerol 3 phosphate pathway - Liver and Adipose tissue
Monoacylglycerol pathway - Intestine
What are the hormones that influence conversion of free fatty acids and glycerol
Epinephrine, norepinephrine and glucagon
What is the enzyme that break triacylglycerol molecule
TAG lipase
Where does biosynthesis of fatty acid occur
Cytosol in animal and yeast
Chloroplast stroma in plants
Inhibitor of acetyl CoA carboxylase
Palmitoleoyl CoA, epinephrine, cAMP mediated phosphorylation and glucagon
Promoter of acetyl CoA carboxylase
Insulin and citrate
FAS1 and FAS2
FAS 1 is of vertebrates and fungi. They have one large polypeptide. Animal has two homodimer, fungi has heterodimer, a (3 subunit) and b (4 subunit)
FAS 2 is of plants and bacteria. They have seven different domain.
What is elongation of fatty acid
Adding two carbons on 16 C fatty acid. For eg stearic acid (18 C)
Adds malonyl CoA in ER and acetyl CoA in mitochondria
Types of fatty acids oxidation and where does it occur
a oxidation - peroxisome
B oxidation - peroxisome and mitochondria
w oxidation - ER
What enzyme activates fatty acid before undergoing mitochondrial oxidation
Acyl CoA ligase
Name of the carrier that transport fatty acyl CoA in the mitochondria
Carnitine
Upto what chain length can fatty acid cross the mitochondrial membrane
12 C chain length
What is the chemical name of carnitine
B hydroxy g trimethyl ammonium butyrate
Name the processes of B oxidation of saturated fatty acids even number
Oxidation or dehydrogenation
Hydrolysis
Oxidation or dehydrogenation
Thiolysis
How many cycles will a 16 carbon molecule undergoes in b oxidation and how many acetyl CoA will be formed
8 acetyl CoA will be formed and it will undergo 7 cycle
How many ATP is produced in 16 carbon b oxidation
106 ATP
In case of b oxidation of odd number carbon what is produced
Propionyl CoA is yielded
What are the enzyme used in be oxidation of odd number carbon
Propionyl CoA carboxylase
Methylmalonyl epimerase
Methylmalonyl mutase
What is produced in case of monounsaturated carbon
Palmitoleoyl CoA
What is formed second time in poly unsaturated fatty acids
2,4 dienoyl CoA
Enzymes used in poly unsaturated fatty acids
2,4 dienoyl CoA reductase
3,2 Enoyl CoA isomerase
What happens in peroxysomal b oxidation
It does not degrade fatty acids it shorten the chain
Why does no ATP is formed in peroxisome
Because the fadh2 formed goes to oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide
Where does b oxidation of fatty acids take place in plants
Glyoxysome via glyoxylate pathway
What does a oxidation does
It is a minor pathway. IT degrades branched fatty acids
What does phytanic acid become after oxidation
Pristanic acid
Where does phytanic acid come from
It is an oxidation product of phytol of chlorophyll
What causes Refsum’s disease
If a oxidation is defective and phytanic acid is not degraded
What happens in w oxidation
It is a minor pathway. Oxidation of terminal carbon of a normal fatty acid occurs and leads to the synthesis of small amount of dicoboxylic acid.
What catalyzes the w oxidation
Cytochrome P 450
Whats leads to the formation of ketone bodies
In mitochondria of liver when the acetyl CoA accumulates beyond its capacity to be oxidized it leads to the formation of ketone bodies
What are the products of ketogenesis
Acetoacetate, b hydroxybutyrate and acetone
What happens in the high concentration of ketone bodies
Ketonemia ketonurea both are called ketosis. Diabetes mellitus hence ketoacidosis
