DNA Flashcards

1
Q

How many rings do purine and pyrimidine have

A

Purine is 9 membered and pyrimidine is 6 membered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the chemical name of all the nitrogenous bases

A

Adenine - 6 aminopurine
Guanine - 6 oxy 2 aminopurine
Cytosine - 2 oxy 4 aminopyrimidine
Thymine - 5 methyl 2,4-dioxypyrimidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of nitrogenous bases

A

They are heterocyclic structure, planer, aromatic and insoluble in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of sugar pucker found in DNA

A

A DNA - C3
B DNA - C2
Z DNA - C2 & C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sugar and nitrogenous bases are joined by which carbon atom and nitrogen atom

A

Carbon 1
Pyrimidine N1
Purine N9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nucleoside joined to phosphate group by which carbon atom

A

C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chargaff’s Rule

A

%A = %T, %G = %C
Molar ratio A to T and G to C equals 1
Sum of purine equals to sum of pyrimidine
Percentage of C plus G isn’t equal to A plus T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who gave DNA double helix model and x ray diffraction data of DNA fibres

A

Double helix - Watson and Crick
X Ray - Franklin and Wilkins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is at the core and periphery of B DNA

A

Core - bases
Periphery - sugar phosphate chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diameter of A, B and Z DNA and their sugars

A

A DNA - 23 Å, C3 endo
B DNA - 20 Å C2 endo
Z DNA - 18 Å C2 and C3 endo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the major groove and minor groove formed in B DNA

A

Major Groove - N7 Purine
Minor - N3 Purine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Helical turn of all the DNA

A

A DNA - 11
B DNA - 10
Z DNA - 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pitch/ axial height and confirmation of all the DNA

A

A DNA - 24.6 Å, anti
B DNA - 34 Å, anti
Z DNA - 45.6 Å, anti and syn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Major and minor groove of all DNA

A

A DNA - Major - Narrow and deep,
Minor - Wide and shallow
B DNA - Major - Wide and deep
Minor - Narrow and deep
Z DNA - Major - Flat
Minor - Narrow and deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is A DNA found?

A

DNA RNA Hybrid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which sequence is favoured by Z DNA

17
Q

How is Z DNA formed from B DNA

A

Negative supercoiling (topoisomerase), 5 methylated cytosine, high salt conc.

18
Q

Who described the triple helical nucleic acid

A

Falsenfeld and Rich

19
Q

Who described the triple helical nucleic acid

A

Falsenfeld and Rich

20
Q

What kind of strand form a triple helix. Name circumstances for forming triple DNA

A

A dsDNA having homopurine and homopyrimidine sequence strand.
Low pH forms triple stranded DNA

21
Q

Name the orientation and hoogsteen hydrogen bonding in the case of
A. Pyrimidine rich on homopurine rich strand
B. Purine rich on homopurine rich strand

A

A. Orientation is parallel and hoogsteen hydrogen bonding
B. Orientation is antiparallel and reverse hoogsteen hydrogen bonding

22
Q

What is H DNA

A

When a triple DNA formed that is intramolecular triplex

23
Q

Building blocks of G Quadruplex

A

G quartets or G tetrads

24
Q

G Quadruplex formed by which bond?

A

Cyclic hoogsteen hydrogen bonding

25
G Quadruplex stability dependent on?
Monovalent cations, K and Na. And with coordination of positively charged cations with electronegative O6 atom
26
What does intramolecular and intermolecular folding requires in G Quadruplex
Intramolecular needs four or more G rich sequences Intermolecular needs two or four strands that give rise to parallel or antiparallel strands.
27
What stabilises DNA
Base stacking interaction and hydrogen bond
28
Factors that affect melting temperature of DNA
Hydrogen bonds, more H bonds more melting point Presence of Mg and Na, they neutralize the repulsion between phosphate group