Vitamins Flashcards
Vitamins are caloric organic compounds necessary for metabolic control & disease prevention.
T/F
F
non- caloric
The classification of the ____ vitamins is not based on their _________ or _____
13
chemical structure or functions.
Classification of vitamins is based on their ________ and ________
biological & chemical activities
Fat soluble vitamins
Stored in ________ and _______
adipose tissue and liver
Fat soluble vitamins
Excess is excreted in urine
T/F
F
Excess not excreted in urine
Fat soluble vitamins
Excess becomes toxic to the body.
T/F
T
Fat soluble vitamins
Examples: Vitamins ________
A, D, E, K
Out of the fat soluble vitamins, which are synthesized by the body
Vitamins D & K are synthesized in the body but not in adequate amount
Water soluble vitamins
stored in the body
T/F
F
Not stored in the body
Water soluble vitamins
Usually toxic
T/F
F
Usually non- toxic
Water soluble vitamins
Excess is excreted in the urine
T/F
T
Water soluble vitamins
Examples : Vitamins _____________
B complex & C
Which is more common, deficiency or excess of vitamins
Deficiency
Excess of vitamins is rare but More cases are seen now and these can be accounted for by ___________ and ____________
the availability of vitamin supplements and fortification of foods.
Causes of vitamin deficiency are
1)Primary- this happens when vitamins are _______________ .
unavailable in the body
Causes of vitamin deficiency are
1)Primary-
•May be due to ______ as in ________
•————-
•chronic ________
• prolonged ________
inadequate intake; poor dietary intake
anorexia nervosa
alcoholism
parenteral feeding
Secondary vitamin deficiency is caused by
•increased ______ of vitamins by the body as seen during _____, in chronic ___, ____, trauma and ________.
•inadequate __________ as in ________ syndrome, ________ deficiency
•excessive _____ example _______
utilization; pregnancy; illnesses; sepsis; preterm infants
absorption from GIT
malabsorption; Intrinsic factor
loss; steatorrhoea
_______-______ children go blind yearly in developing countries & this is attributed to vitamin _____ deficiency
250,000- 500,000
A
In Nigeria, ______% under ___ are vitamin A deficient
29.5
5
Folate & vitamin B12 deficiency is commoner among _______________ according to a study conducted in JUTH by Dorothy J. et al in 2011
women in childbearing age
Laboratory investigations are routine for diagnosis of vitamin disorders
F
Laboratory investigations are not routine for diagnosis
Diagnosis of vitamin disorders is usually clinical following a high index of suspicion
T/F
T
Laboratory investigations include
Plasma concentration of vitamins- reliable only for few vitamins e.g. vitamin ____ and _____ .
For others like _____ the plasma concentration reflects the _____________
B12 & D
folate
adequacy of recent intake
Laboratory investigations include
Measurement of serum vitamin _________ like _____________ in Vitamin A disorder
binding proteins
retinol binding protein
DEFICIENCIES
B1- _______ and _____-_____ syndrome
B2- ______,________,_______
B3- _______
B5- __________,________
Beiberi & Wernicke- Kosakoff
angular stomatitis, dermatitis, photophobia
pellagra
paraesthesia, burning feet syndrome
DEFICIENCIES
B6- _______,________,___________
B7- ______,_______
B9- ___________,________
B12- ________,__________, SC degeneration.
C- _________
anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, epileptiform convulsion
dermatitis, enteritis
megaloblastic anaemia, neural tube defect
megaloblastic anaemia, neuropathy
scurvy
DEFICIENCIES
A- _________,_______, and ________
D- _________ and _____
E-Increased ________, _______, IVH, retrolental fibroplasia
K- _________
nyctalopia, hyperkeratosis &
keratomalacia
rickets & osteomalacia
haemolysis ; atherosclerosis
bleeding diathesis
Common names
B1- ________
B2- _______
B3-______
B5- _______
B6- ________
thiamine
riboflavin
Niacin
panthothenic acid
pyridoxine
Common names
B7- ______
B9-_______
B12- ________
C- _________
biotin
Folic acid
cobalamin
ascorbic acid
Common names
A- _______
D-_________
E- _______
K-_________
retinol
cholecalciferol
tocopherol
phylloquinone
Function
B1-______ regulation & ______ metabolism
B2- ________
B3- _______
nervous; carbohydrate
anti- oxidant
antioxidant
Function
B5-_______ metabolism, _______ and ________
B6- _____,______, and ______ metabolism
B7- _______ reaction
general; acetyl & acyl
transfer
amino acids, phospholipids &glycogen
carboxylation
Function
B9-______ and ______ biosynthesis
B12- _______ and _________ metabolism
C- _______ and _________
Nucleic acid & amino acid
amino acids & branched keto acids
collagen tissue formation &
antioxidant
Function
A- _____,_______, and ______
D-modulation of ______________ metabolism, _______________
E- _________ for unsaturated FA,
_______ and _______ function
K-modulation of _____________________________
vision, growth & reproduction
calcium & phosphate ; calcification of teeth & bone
antioxidant; neurological & reproductive
clotting factors II, VII, IX & X
Overdose
B1- ___________
B3- ________
B5-__________
B6-impairment of _______, ______ damage
Drowsiness and muscle flacidity
Liver damage
Heartburn, nausea
joint position sense; nerve
Overdose
A-__________ and ________
E-_____________
Hypervitaminosis A; carotenaemia
Congestive heart failure
The treatment of vitamin deficiency is _____________
replacement of the affected class.
Vitamin supplements are available in enteral form only
T/F
F
Vitamin supplements are available in enteral or parenteral form
treatment of vitamin deficiency
Vitamin supplements Dosage depends on the ________________
severity of the symptom
ANTI VITAMINS
These are substances or ___________ that make vitamins _________ and ________
anti-nutrients
ineffective & unavailable for body use.
Anti vitamins
B1- ______
B6- _______
B7- _______ in ________
Alcohol
Cortisone
Avidin in raw egg white
Anti vitamins
Vitamin B-
_______,________, and ________ bind vitamin B generally
caffeine, raw fish & birth control pills
Anti vitamins
C- __________,________,________, and _________
A-________ medications and _______ used as laxatives
cigarette smoke, thiouracil, atropine & antihistamines
blood thinning; mineral oil
blood thinning medications such as ______,_______, and ________
ASA, dicumarol & Phenobarbital
