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House Clinical Pathology > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamins are caloric organic compounds necessary for metabolic control & disease prevention.
ž
T/F

A

F

non- caloric

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2
Q

ž The classification of the ____ vitamins is not based on their _________ or _____
ž

A

13

chemical structure or functions.

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3
Q

ž Classification of vitamins is based on their ________ and ________
ž

A

biological & chemical activities

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4
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

ž Stored in ________ and _______
ž

A

adipose tissue and liver

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5
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

ž Excess is excreted in urine
ž
T/F

A

F

ž Excess not excreted in urine

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6
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

ž Excess becomes toxic to the body.

T/F

ž

A

T

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7
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

ž Examples: Vitamins ________
ž

A

A, D, E, K

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8
Q

Out of the fat soluble vitamins, which are synthesized by the body

A

Vitamins D & K are synthesized in the body but not in adequate amount

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9
Q

Water soluble vitamins

ž stored in the body

T/F
ž

A

F

Not stored in the body

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10
Q

Water soluble vitamins

ž Usually toxic
ž

T/F

A

F

Usually non- toxic

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11
Q

Water soluble vitamins

ž Excess is excreted in the urine

T/F
ž

A

T

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12
Q

Water soluble vitamins

ž Examples : Vitamins _____________

A

B complex & C

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13
Q

Which is more common, deficiency or excess of vitamins

A

Deficiency

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14
Q

Excess of vitamins is rare but More cases are seen now and these can be accounted for by ___________ and ____________
ž

A

the availability of vitamin supplements and fortification of foods.

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15
Q

Causes of vitamin deficiency are

1)Primary- this happens when vitamins are _______________ .

A

unavailable in the body

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16
Q

Causes of vitamin deficiency are

1)Primary-

•May be due to ______ as in ________
ž
•————-
ž
•chronic ________

•ž prolonged ________

A

inadequate intake; poor dietary intake

anorexia nervosa

alcoholism

parenteral feeding

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17
Q

Secondary vitamin deficiency is caused by

•increased ______ of vitamins by the body as seen during _____, in chronic ___, ____, trauma and ________.

•inadequate __________ as in ________ syndrome, ________ deficiency

•excessive _____ example _______

A

utilization; pregnancy; illnesses; sepsis; preterm infants

absorption from GIT

malabsorption; Intrinsic factor

loss; steatorrhoea

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18
Q

_______-______ children go blind yearly in developing countries & this is attributed to vitamin _____ deficiency
ž

A

250,000- 500,000

A

19
Q

In Nigeria, ______% under ___ are vitamin A deficient
ž

A

29.5

5

20
Q

Folate & vitamin B12 deficiency is commoner among _______________ according to a study conducted in JUTH by Dorothy J. et al in 2011

A

women in childbearing age

21
Q

Laboratory investigations are routine for diagnosis of vitamin disorders

A

F

Laboratory investigations are not routine for diagnosis

22
Q

Diagnosis of vitamin disorders is usually clinical following a high index of suspicion

T/F

A

T

23
Q

Laboratory investigations include

Plasma concentration of vitamins- reliable only for few vitamins e.g. vitamin ____ and _____ .

For others like _____ the plasma concentration reflects the _____________

A

B12 & D

folate
adequacy of recent intake

24
Q

Laboratory investigations include

Measurement of serum vitamin _________ like _____________ in Vitamin A disorder

A

binding proteins

retinol binding protein

25
Q

DEFICIENCIES

B1- _______ and _____-_____ syndrome
ž
B2- ______,________,_______

B3- _______

B5- __________,________

A

Beiberi & Wernicke- Kosakoff

angular stomatitis, dermatitis, photophobia

pellagra

paraesthesia, burning feet syndrome

26
Q

DEFICIENCIES

B6- _______,________,___________

B7- ______,_______

B9- ___________,________

B12- ________,__________, SC degeneration.

C- _________

A

anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, epileptiform convulsion

dermatitis, enteritis

megaloblastic anaemia, neural tube defect

megaloblastic anaemia, neuropathy

scurvy

27
Q

DEFICIENCIES
A- _________,_______, and ________

D- _________ and _____

E-Increased ________, _______, IVH, retrolental fibroplasia

K- _________

A

nyctalopia, hyperkeratosis &
keratomalacia

rickets & osteomalacia

haemolysis ; atherosclerosis

bleeding diathesis

28
Q

Common names

B1- ________
ž
B2- _______

B3-______

B5- _______

B6- ________

A

thiamine

riboflavin

Niacin

panthothenic acid

pyridoxine

29
Q

Common names

B7- ______

B9-_______

B12- ________

C- _________

A

biotin

Folic acid

cobalamin

ascorbic acid

30
Q

Common names

A- _______

D-_________

E- _______

K-_________

A

retinol

cholecalciferol

tocopherol

phylloquinone

31
Q

Function

B1-______ regulation & ______ metabolism
ž
B2- ________

B3- _______

A

nervous; carbohydrate

anti- oxidant

antioxidant

32
Q

Function

B5-_______ metabolism, _______ and ________

B6- _____,______, and ______ metabolism

B7- _______ reaction

A

general; acetyl & acyl
transfer

amino acids, phospholipids &glycogen

carboxylation

33
Q

Function

B9-______ and ______ biosynthesis

B12- _______ and _________ metabolism

C- _______ and _________

A

Nucleic acid & amino acid

amino acids & branched keto acids

collagen tissue formation &
antioxidant

34
Q

Function

A- _____,_______, and ______

D-modulation of ______________ metabolism, _______________

E- _________ for unsaturated FA,
_______ and _______ function

K-modulation of _____________________________

A

vision, growth & reproduction

calcium & phosphate ; calcification of teeth & bone

antioxidant; neurological & reproductive

clotting factors II, VII, IX & X

35
Q

Overdose

B1- ___________

B3- ________

B5-__________

B6-impairment of _______, ______ damage

A

Drowsiness and muscle flacidity

Liver damage

Heartburn, nausea

joint position sense; nerve

36
Q

Overdose

A-__________ and ________

E-_____________

A

Hypervitaminosis A; carotenaemia

Congestive heart failure

37
Q

The treatment of vitamin deficiency is _____________

A

replacement of the affected class.

38
Q

ž Vitamin supplements are available in enteral form only
ž
T/F

A

F

ž Vitamin supplements are available in enteral or parenteral form
ž

39
Q

ž treatment of vitamin deficiency

Vitamin supplements Dosage depends on the ________________

A

severity of the symptom

40
Q

ANTI VITAMINS

These are substances or ___________ that make vitamins _________ and ________

A

anti-nutrients

ineffective & unavailable for body use.
ž

41
Q

Anti vitamins

B1- ______

B6- _______

B7- _______ in ________

A

Alcohol

Cortisone

Avidin in raw egg white

42
Q

Anti vitamins

Vitamin B-

_______,________, and ________ bind vitamin B generally

A

caffeine, raw fish & birth control pills

43
Q

Anti vitamins

C- __________,________,________, and _________

A-________ medications and _______ used as laxatives

A

cigarette smoke, thiouracil, atropine & antihistamines

blood thinning; mineral oil

44
Q

blood thinning medications such as ______,_______, and ________

A

ASA, dicumarol & Phenobarbital

House Clinical Pathology (45 decks)

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