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House Clinical Pathology > Immunoglobulin structure, function and organisation > Flashcards

Immunoglobulin structure, function and organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Immunoglobulins are ______ molecules that are produced by ________ in response to the presence of _________ in a living tissue.

A

Glycoprotein

plasma cells

an immunogen

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2
Q

An Immunogen is a substance usually a ___ that can elicit ___________

A

protein

an immunologic reaction.

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3
Q

A hapten is a (small or large?) molecule that can _____________ only when ___________

A

Small

elicit an immune response

attached to a carrier protein

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4
Q

Valence of an immunoglobulin : Number of _________________

Most are _________
.

A

antigen binding sites.

bivalent

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5
Q

Functions of Immunonoglobulins

Binding to__________ (and self antigens in some disease states causing _______ disorders

_________ fixation

Enhancement of _______

Release of specific __________.

A

foreign antigens; auto immune

Complement

phagocytosis

cytochemicals

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6
Q

Immunoglobulins (Ig) are glycoproteins made up of _______ and ________ polypeptide chains.

A

light (L) and heavy(H)

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7
Q

The simplest antibody molecule has a ____ shape and consists of ____ polypeptide chains:

_____ Heavy chains and ____ Light chains.
The chains are linked by _____ bonds.

A

Y

four

Two; Two

disulfide

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8
Q

The Disulfide bonds are only Inter-chain bonds

T/F

A

F

Both – Inter-chain and – Intra-chain

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9
Q

Immunoglobulin Structure

________ and ________ Regions

_______ Region

A

Variable & Constant

Hinge

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10
Q

Heavy chains are the same for each Of the five Ig classes or isotypes

T/F

A

F

Heavy chains are distinct for each Of the five Ig classes or isotypes

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11
Q

the five Ig classes or isotypes are designated :____,______ ,_____,—— ,____ for the respective classes
of Ig, namely Ig__, Ig__, Ig__, Ig___ and Ig__

A

γ, α, μ, δ, ε

G, A, M , D, E

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12
Q

Human Immunoglobulin Classes

IgG –______ heavy chains
IgM -_____ heavy chains
IgA - ______ heavy chains
IgD - ______ heavy chains
IgE - ______ heavy chains

A

Gamma

Mu

Alpha

Delta

Epsilon

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13
Q

Light chains are one of two types designated ___ and ___ and only
one type is found in each Immunoglobulin.

A

κ and λ

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14
Q

Human Immunoglobulin Light Chain Types

______ (K)

_______ (λ)

A

Kappa

Lambda

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15
Q

L and H chains are subdivided into ______ and ______ regions.

The regions are composed of ______-dimensionally folded, repeating segments called ______.

A

variable and constant

three

domains

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16
Q

Light chain consists of ____ variable (VL) and ____ constant (CL) domain.

Most H chains consist of ____ variable (VH) and ______ constant(CH) domains.

A

one; one

one; three

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17
Q

IgG have______ CH Domains
IgA have ______ CH Domains
IgM have ______ CH Domains
IgE have ______ CH Domains

A

three
Three

Four
Four

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18
Q

Variable Regions , AKA ___________

Constant regions , AKA __________

A

Antigen binding sites

Effector function

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19
Q

Immunoglobulin structure

Each light chain is connected to a heavy chain by _________ and the two heavy chains are connected by ___________

A

A disulfide bond

two disulfide bonds.

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20
Q

Immunoglobulin structure

Antigen binding and effector domains are separated by a ________.

A

hinge region

21
Q

Immunoglobulin structure

The hinge region allows the __________ domains to ______, enabling them to ________ that are separated by varying __________.

A

two antigen binding

move

bind antigens

distances

22
Q

Variable (V) and Constant (C) Regions

  • V-region lies in ______ portion of molecule
  • V-region shows (little or wide?) variation in amino a. sequences which is Responsible for the _________
A

terminal

Wide

antigen binding.

23
Q

Variable (V) and Constant (C) Regions

  • C-region lies in _______ or ______ portion of molecule
  • C-region shows ________ amino acid sequence
  • It is responsible for ______ functions
A

carboxyl or terminal

an unvarying

biologic

24
Q

The variable regions are responsible for _________ , while the constant
regions are responsible for various ________ such as ________and ———————-

A

antigen binding

biologic functions

complement activation

binding to cell surface receptors.

25
Q

Immunoglobulin Fragments: Structure/Function Relationships

Fab
–__________

Fc
– _________

A

Ag binding

Effector functions

26
Q

Immunoglobulin Fragments: Structure/Function Relationships

F____
– Ag binding

F____
– Effector functions

A

Fab

Fc

27
Q

Immunoglobulin Classes

I. IgG
Structure: ______

Percentage serum antibodies: ____% Location: Blood, lymph, intestine

Half-life in serum:____ days

Complement Fixation: Yes or No?

Placental Transfer: Yes or No?

Known Functions: Enhances ______, neutralizes _________, protects ______________

A

Monomer

80

23

Yes

Yes

phagocytosis

toxins and viruses

fetus and newborn.

28
Q

Immunoglobulin Classes
II. IgM
Structure: _______

Percentage serum antibodies:____%
Location: Blood, lymph, B cell surface (monomer)

Half-life in serum:___days

Complement Fixation: Yes or No?

Placental Transfer: Yes or No?

Known Functions: _________ produced during an infection. Effective against microbes and _______________

A

Pentamer

5-10

5

Yes

No

First antibodies

agglutinating antigens.

29
Q

Immunoglobulin Classes
III. IgA
Structure: ______

Percentage serum antibodies: ____%

Location:_______ , blood and lymph.

Half-life in serum: ____ days

Complement Fixation: Yes or No?

Placental Transfer: Yes or No?

Known Functions: Localized _______ of ______. Provides immunity to ________

A

Dimer

10-15

Secretions

6

No

No

protection of mucosal surfaces

infant digestive tract.

30
Q

Immunoglobulin Classes

IgE
Structure: _______

Percentage serum antibodies: 0.002%

Location: Bound to _____ and ______ throughout body. Blood.

Half-life in serum:___ days

Complement Fixation: Yes or No ?

Placental Transfer: Yes or No?

Known Functions: ______ reactions. Possibly ________

A

Monomer

mast cells and basophils

2

No

No

Allergic; lysis of worms.

31
Q

Immunoglobulin Classes

IgD
Structure: ________

Percentage serum antibodies: ____% Location: B-cell surface, blood, and lymph

Half-life in serum:___ days

Complement Fixation: Yes or No?

Placental Transfer: Yea or No?

Known Functions: In serum function is unknown. On B cell surface, initiate immune response.

A

Monomer

0.2

3

No

No

32
Q

Arrange the IGs in order of :

Decreasing half life

Decreasing serum percentage

A

G A M D E

G A M D E

33
Q

IGs structure

G

A

M

E

D

A

Monomer

Dimer

Pentamer

Monomer

Monomer

34
Q

Which IGs can cross placenta?

A

Only G

35
Q

Which IGs can fix complement?

A

G

M

36
Q

Most IGs decrease in ???

A

Congenital Aggammaglobulinemia

Hypogammaglobinemia

Ig deficiency states

CLL

Lymphoid aplasia

37
Q

In IgG and IgA myeloma , there will be ____ deficiency

A

IgM

38
Q

In IgA myeloma , there will be ____ deficiency

A

G

39
Q

In IgG myeloma , there will be ____ deficiency

A

IgA

40
Q

Most IGs increase in ???

A

chronic infections

Their immunoglobulin Myeloma

Autoimmune disorders

Liver disease

41
Q

In hyperimmnunization, there is increase in Ig____

A

G

42
Q

In Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, there is increase in Ig____

A

M

43
Q

In malaria, there is increase in Ig____

A

M

44
Q

In Trypanosomosis, there is increase in Ig____

A

M

45
Q

In atopic skin diseases, there is increase in Ig____

A

E

46
Q

In anaphylactic shock, there is increase in Ig____

A

E

47
Q

In asthma , there is increase in Ig____

A

E

48
Q

In hay fever, there is increase in Ig____

A

E

49
Q

In eczema, there is increase in Ig____

A

E

House Clinical Pathology (45 decks)

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