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House Clinical Pathology > Cells of the Immune System > Flashcards

Cells of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphoid lineage:

– Central cells of the immune system
– responsible for _______ immune response
– Provide diversity, specificity, __________,__________ recognition

A

adaptive

memory

self –nonself

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2
Q

Lymphoid lineage:

–________% of WBC’s
– _______% of cells in lymph Includes three cell types

A

20-40

99

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3
Q

Lymphoid lineage:

– 99% of cells in lymph Includes three cell types:

________
___________
—————-

A

B cells
T cells
Natural Killer cells

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4
Q

Myeloid lineage:
– Central cells of ______
immunity response

– responsible for triggering _____,______,______,________

A

innate

inflammation, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, cytokine release

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5
Q

Myeloid lineage:

–________% of WBC’s

A

60-80

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6
Q

Myeloid lineage:

Includes:
PMN granulo’s – ______,_______,_____

Mononuclear agranulo’s
-___________,_______

A

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

monocytes
macrophages

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7
Q

Lymphocytes

“Naïve” (unprimed) B and T cells are distinguishable

T/F

A

F

indistinguishable

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8
Q

Lymphocytes

Naive lymphocytes:

(Small or large?) , (motile or non-motile?) , (phagocytic or non-phagocytic?)

A

Small

Motile

Non-phagocytic

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9
Q

Lymphocytes

______ binding induces entry to cell cycle ____ to ____ to _____ at which point, they are called ____________ which soon differentiate into ________ and ______ cell populations

A

Antigen

G1

S

G2

lymphoblasts

effector and memory

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10
Q

B Lymphocytes

Named from “ _____________ ; _________ in humans

Distinguished by _______________ on cell

High numbers (1.5x105 Ab’s/cell) – all w/ same Fab

A

B”ursa of Fabricius; bone marrow

synthesis and display of Ab’s

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11
Q

B Lymphocytes

Other surface molecules:
Class II MHC  for _________
CR1 + CR2 - ______ receptors
CD32 - receptor for _____
CD40 - critical receptor between _____ and _______ ; leads to differentiation to ______ + _______ cells

A

Ag presentation

complement

IgG

B and TH

plasma + memory

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12
Q

B Lymphocytes

Other surface molecules:

Class ___ MHC  for Ag presentation

_________- complement receptors

_______- receptor for IgG

_______- critical receptor between B and TH

A

II

CR1 + CR2

CD32

CD40

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13
Q

T Lymphocytes

Named as they mature in ________

A

Thymus gland

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14
Q

T Lymphocytes

Membrane receptors:
TCR : recognizes Ag ONLY when bound to _______ on self cells

CD4 binds to MHC _____

CD8 binds to MHC ____

A

MHC

II

I

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15
Q

T Lymphocytes

Membrane receptors:

CD28 – receptor for ———————-

CD45 – __________

A

co-stimulatory B7 molecules on APC’s

signal transducer

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16
Q

T Lymphocytes

Membrane receptors:

CD____– receptor for co-stimulatory B7 molecules on APC’s

CD___ – signal transducer

A

28

45

17
Q

Activated TH cells produce clone of effector cells

T/F

A

T

18
Q

T Lymphocytes

Activated TC cells, coming in contact with MHC ___/Ag/ cytokines become _____ leading to elimination of ______ cells

A

I

CTL

altered

19
Q

Natural Killer Cells

Population of “____-like” cells that defend against ________/___________ cells

A

T

tumors/viral-inf

20
Q

Natural Killer Cells has a typical T cell receptor

T/F

A

F

No typical T or B cell receptors

21
Q

Natural Killer Cells

Recognize target cells 2 ways:

Recognize cells with _______ and unusual surface characterisitcs

or

Bind to __________ tumor/virally inf cells and perform _______

A

Reduced MHC I

opsonized

ADCC

22
Q

Natural Killer Cells

*Newly discovered NK1-T cells which exhibit ____ and release high levels of ______ leading to stimulation of ________/________

A

TCR

cytokines

AB production/ inflammation

23
Q

Mononuclear phagocytes
Monocytes + Macrophages

__________ enter blood

Mature to form _______ which migrate to tissues and may become “ ______ ” or _______ cells

A

Promonocytes

monocytes

fixed; dendritic

24
Q

Mononuclear phagocytes

Fixed Macrophage:
alveolar; kuppfer; histiocytes; mesangial; microglial; osteoclasts

A

!

25
Q

Activities of MØ:
Activation & Phagocytosis

Activation occurs by:

-__________
-cytokines from TH (esp. ______)

Activated MØ better at ________ and _______ than resting

A

inflammation

IFN-gamma

phagocytosis and APC

26
Q

Activities of MØ:

Process of phagocytosis :

chemotaxis pseudopodia  _____________ _________  ———

A

phagosome + lysosome

residual body

Exocytosis

27
Q

Activities of MØ: Oxygen-dependent killing

Activated MØ produce _________ and _______

A

reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates

28
Q

Activities of MØ: Oxygen-dependent killing

The “________” activates ——- enzymes which reduce O2 to: _____,________, and ————-

A

respiratory burst

oxidase

superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl anions

29
Q

Activities of MØ: Oxygen-dependent killing

Myeloperoxidase of lysosomes produces _____________

A

hypochlorite

30
Q

Activities of MØ: Oxygen-dependent killing

MØ triggered by bacterial CW’s and T cell cytokines express __________which catalyzes the production of _____, a potent antimicrobial gas

A

nitric oxide synthetase

nitric oxide

31
Q

Activities of MØ: Oxygen-independent killing
Activated MØ also produce:

•lysozyme and hydrolytic enzymes
•_______ peptides

– And secretion of _____

A

defensin

TNF-alpha

32
Q

Activities of MØ:

Ag presentation & cytokine secretion:

Activation stimulates MHC ___ + ____ co-stimulation

» Efficient TH activation; important in
_____________ Immune response

A

II; B7

both humoral and cell-mediated

33
Q

Activities of MØ:

Secretion of cytokines:
» IL-1 stimulates _______
» IL-6, TNF- stimulates ______ and ______

A

lymphocytes

fever and inflammation

34
Q

Macrophages Also secrete Complement proteins and Hydrolytic enzymes

T/F

A

T

House Clinical Pathology (45 decks)

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