Cells of the Immune System Flashcards
Lymphoid lineage:
– Central cells of the immune system
– responsible for _______ immune response
– Provide diversity, specificity, __________,__________ recognition
adaptive
memory
self –nonself
Lymphoid lineage:
–________% of WBC’s
– _______% of cells in lymph Includes three cell types
20-40
99
Lymphoid lineage:
– 99% of cells in lymph Includes three cell types:
________
___________
—————-
B cells
T cells
Natural Killer cells
Myeloid lineage:
– Central cells of ______
immunity response
– responsible for triggering _____,______,______,________
innate
inflammation, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, cytokine release
Myeloid lineage:
–________% of WBC’s
60-80
Myeloid lineage:
Includes:
PMN granulo’s – ______,_______,_____
Mononuclear agranulo’s
-___________,_______
neutrophils eosinophils basophils
monocytes
macrophages
Lymphocytes
“Naïve” (unprimed) B and T cells are distinguishable
T/F
F
indistinguishable
Lymphocytes
Naive lymphocytes:
(Small or large?) , (motile or non-motile?) , (phagocytic or non-phagocytic?)
Small
Motile
Non-phagocytic
Lymphocytes
______ binding induces entry to cell cycle ____ to ____ to _____ at which point, they are called ____________ which soon differentiate into ________ and ______ cell populations
Antigen
G1
S
G2
lymphoblasts
effector and memory
B Lymphocytes
Named from “ _____________ ; _________ in humans
Distinguished by _______________ on cell
High numbers (1.5x105 Ab’s/cell) – all w/ same Fab
B”ursa of Fabricius; bone marrow
synthesis and display of Ab’s
B Lymphocytes
Other surface molecules:
Class II MHC for _________
CR1 + CR2 - ______ receptors
CD32 - receptor for _____
CD40 - critical receptor between _____ and _______ ; leads to differentiation to ______ + _______ cells
Ag presentation
complement
IgG
B and TH
plasma + memory
B Lymphocytes
Other surface molecules:
Class ___ MHC for Ag presentation
_________- complement receptors
_______- receptor for IgG
_______- critical receptor between B and TH
II
CR1 + CR2
CD32
CD40
T Lymphocytes
Named as they mature in ________
Thymus gland
T Lymphocytes
Membrane receptors:
TCR : recognizes Ag ONLY when bound to _______ on self cells
CD4 binds to MHC _____
CD8 binds to MHC ____
MHC
II
I
T Lymphocytes
Membrane receptors:
CD28 – receptor for ———————-
CD45 – __________
co-stimulatory B7 molecules on APC’s
signal transducer
T Lymphocytes
Membrane receptors:
CD____– receptor for co-stimulatory B7 molecules on APC’s
CD___ – signal transducer
28
45
Activated TH cells produce clone of effector cells
T/F
T
T Lymphocytes
Activated TC cells, coming in contact with MHC ___/Ag/ cytokines become _____ leading to elimination of ______ cells
I
CTL
altered
Natural Killer Cells
Population of “____-like” cells that defend against ________/___________ cells
T
tumors/viral-inf
Natural Killer Cells has a typical T cell receptor
T/F
F
No typical T or B cell receptors
Natural Killer Cells
Recognize target cells 2 ways:
Recognize cells with _______ and unusual surface characterisitcs
or
Bind to __________ tumor/virally inf cells and perform _______
Reduced MHC I
opsonized
ADCC
Natural Killer Cells
*Newly discovered NK1-T cells which exhibit ____ and release high levels of ______ leading to stimulation of ________/________
TCR
cytokines
AB production/ inflammation
Mononuclear phagocytes
Monocytes + Macrophages
__________ enter blood
Mature to form _______ which migrate to tissues and may become “ ______ ” or _______ cells
Promonocytes
monocytes
fixed; dendritic
Mononuclear phagocytes
Fixed Macrophage:
alveolar; kuppfer; histiocytes; mesangial; microglial; osteoclasts
!
Activities of MØ:
Activation & Phagocytosis
Activation occurs by:
-__________
-cytokines from TH (esp. ______)
Activated MØ better at ________ and _______ than resting
inflammation
IFN-gamma
phagocytosis and APC
Activities of MØ:
Process of phagocytosis :
chemotaxis pseudopodia _____________ _________ ———
phagosome + lysosome
residual body
Exocytosis
Activities of MØ: Oxygen-dependent killing
Activated MØ produce _________ and _______
reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates
Activities of MØ: Oxygen-dependent killing
The “________” activates ——- enzymes which reduce O2 to: _____,________, and ————-
respiratory burst
oxidase
superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl anions
Activities of MØ: Oxygen-dependent killing
Myeloperoxidase of lysosomes produces _____________
hypochlorite
Activities of MØ: Oxygen-dependent killing
MØ triggered by bacterial CW’s and T cell cytokines express __________which catalyzes the production of _____, a potent antimicrobial gas
nitric oxide synthetase
nitric oxide
Activities of MØ: Oxygen-independent killing
Activated MØ also produce:
•lysozyme and hydrolytic enzymes
•_______ peptides
– And secretion of _____
defensin
TNF-alpha
Activities of MØ:
Ag presentation & cytokine secretion:
Activation stimulates MHC ___ + ____ co-stimulation
» Efficient TH activation; important in
_____________ Immune response
II; B7
both humoral and cell-mediated
Activities of MØ:
Secretion of cytokines:
» IL-1 stimulates _______
» IL-6, TNF- stimulates ______ and ______
lymphocytes
fever and inflammation
Macrophages Also secrete Complement proteins and Hydrolytic enzymes
T/F
T
