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House Clinical Pathology > Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

The urine that is most conc for HCG is taken in ??

A

The morning

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2
Q

Patient’s review comprises:

Good ______
Good _________
Performing the __________

A

clinical history
physical examination

right laboratory investigation

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3
Q

Swabs for molecular studies such as ___________ swabs for COVID-19 detection

A

nasopharyngeal

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4
Q

Site for venepuncture should be noted- cubital, wrist

T/F

A

T

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5
Q

Venepuncture

Clean the area from ________ using the right concentration of _______

Allow the area to _____

Apply torniquet just (above or below?) the site to occlude _____ flow

Torniquet time should not be greater than _____ to avoid ______ which can affect analyte like ____

After bleeding, use ______ to stop bleeding

A

inside outward ; alcohol swab.

air dry

Above; venous

one minute; haemoconcentration

calcium

dry gauze

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6
Q

The venepuncture can be performed using ______,________, or _____

A

syringe, vacutainer needle or butterfly needle

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7
Q

Cautions during venepuncture

Avoid sites with scars, tattoos, oedema, haematoma, arm with intravenous cannula

T/F

A

T

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8
Q

Cautions during venepuncture

Remove needle if any _____ is noted during the process

Limit your number of venous access to _______ trials. You may need to call a more senior medical personnel for assistance

If a patient demonstrates abnormal or alarming clinical scenario, call attention of physician on ground

Do not ________ or _______ blood to avoid contamination with ________

A

swelling

one or two

massage or milk

tissue fluid

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9
Q

Heel stick

Used for ______ screening

Use (short or long?) length lancet of about ____ so as not to injure the ____ bone

Collect specimen in ________ tubes or ________ for screening or genetic studies

After specimen collection, apply ______ and _____ the foot.

Do not apply _______

A

newborn
Short

2 mm; calcaneous

microcollection capillary; filter paper

pressure and elevate

adhesive bandage

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10
Q

Serum is the _____ portion of blood that is exuded after _____ in a plain tube.

Such Samples are collected in _____ coloured capped ______ tubes

A

watery

blood coagulation

gold; vacutainer

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11
Q

Plasma is the non cellular component of _______ blood gotten after _____ of the whole sample

A

anticoagulated

centrifugation

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12
Q

(Serum or Plasma?) samples can be used for most biochemistry tests in as much as contamination from ions in anticoagulants can be avoided

A

Plasma

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13
Q

(Plasma or Serum?) samples is mostly used for running immunoassays

A

Serum

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14
Q

Anticoagulants in Clinical pathology

Heparin
-available as _____ and ______ in ____colored capped vacutainer tubes

Heparin accelerates the action of ______ and preventing the formation of _____

A

lithium heparin; sodium heparin

green; antithrombin iii; fibrin

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15
Q

_______ heparin is used mostly in chemistry lab tests except ____ or ____ assay

A

Lithium

folate or lithium

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16
Q

Anticoagulants in clinical Pathology

EDTA (__________)
-Mostly used for ______ tests and for ____ studies
-Available in ——- capped vacutainer tubes

A

Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid

haematology; DNA

lavender

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17
Q

Anticoagulants in clinical Pathology

Sodium fluoride

Inhibits ____ enzyme in glycolysis.

It is used for collecting samples for ______ assay and available in ____ capped vacutainer tubes

A

enolase; glycolysis

glucose

grey

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18
Q

Anticoagulants in Clinical Pathology

Oxalates (Sodium/potassium/Lithium) -

form (soluble or insoluble?) complexes with ____ ions. This is often mixed with _____ in grey capped vacutainer tubes.

A

Insoluble

calcium

fluoride

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19
Q

Anticoagulants in Clinical pathology

Sodium iodoacetate – inhibits ______

A

glycolysis

20
Q

Anticoagulants in Clinical pathology

Sodium Citrate

-converts ____ to ______ form

used for ______ testing.

Tubes are _____ capped vacutainer tubes

A

calcium

non ionized

coagulation profile

light blue

21
Q

Tubes in Clinical pathology

Standard tubes in use in Chemistry labs are of 2 types

________ tubes
________ tubes

A

Vacutainer

Ordinary

22
Q

Vacutainer tubes – These have _________ pressure and are used with ____ needles for blood collection.

A

negative intratubular

vacutainer

23
Q

Ordinary tubes

Lithium heparin –____ coloured capped tube
EDTA –______ capped tube
Flouride oxalate –____ capped tube
Plain tube –____ capped tube

A

deep blue

Green

Yellow

Red

24
Q

Which is more in use and why?

Vacutainer or ordinary tubes

A

Ordinary tubes are Much more in use because they are cheaper and readily available

25
Q

Order of draw

Blood sample in syringe should be dispensed into ___ tubes, ____ tubes, and then the ___ tubes.

The order is as follows:
______ tubes
______ tubes
______ tubes
____ tubes
______ tube
______ sample tube

A

sterile; anticoagulant; serum

Sterile; Coagulation study; EDTA; heparin; fluoride oxalate; serum sample

26
Q

Interference can be as a result of
______
________
_________

A

Haemolysis
Icteria
Lipaemia

27
Q

Lipaemia is seen as ______ in serum or plasma due to presence of excess _____ concentration.

A

turbidity

lipoprotein

28
Q

Factors that is associated with lipaemia include ______ intake, altered _________, metabolic disorders, lipid _____

A

fatty food

lipid metabolism

infusions

29
Q

Lipaemia may be visible at (plasma or serum?) triglyceride concentration above ___mg/dl

A

Serum

300

30
Q

Lipaemic interferences can be reduced by ensuring at least ______ before sample collection, ______ of samples at speed of 10000g

A

12 hrs of fasting

ultracentrifugation

31
Q

Icteric samples result when the concentration of ______ is quite elevated.

A

bilirubin

32
Q

Bilirubin interferes with _____ systems used for measurement of glucose, cholesterol. Triglycerides, urea and creatinine. Also, bilirubin interferes with ____ binding to albumin

A

peroxidase

dyes

33
Q

_____________ helps to reduce the effect of spectral bilirubin interferences

A

Running sample blank alongside

34
Q

Haemolysis can be caused by

-Using too _______
-Forcing _____
-__________ after blood sample collection and transport
-Presence of excess _____
-Centrifuging blood sample before _______
-_______ and _____ of blood

A

small-bore needles
blood through needle
Shaking tube vigorously
anticoagulant
completion of clotting
Freezing and thawing

35
Q

Haemolysis can affect the following analytes during assay – _____,____,_____,______

_________ can help reduce the effect of sample haemolysis

A

potassium, phosphorus, ALT, acid phosphatase

Sample blanking

36
Q

Samples for bilirubin assay should be protected from light to prevent ______

A

Photo degradation

37
Q

Uncentrifuged samples should not be frozen before separation to avoid _______ which will act as interference during assay

A

sample haemolysis

38
Q

Anticoagulated blood samples should be centrifuged for about ___ at speed of _____ to ______ g

A

15 mins

2000 to 3000

39
Q

Clotted whole blood should be centrifuged after 30 mins at speed of ______ for about _____

A

1500g

10 mins

40
Q

Samples should attain ____ temperature before start of centrifuging.

A

room

41
Q

Specimen collected should be centrifuged within ______ of collection

A

2 hours

42
Q

Serum and plasma should be dispensed into ______ unless if collected in ________ tube.

A

plain tubes

serum separating gel

43
Q

Specimens should be stored at ___°C, If prolonged storage is required, then storage should be at ____°C. Repeated freezing and thawing should be ______

A

-20

-80

avoided

44
Q

Urine –
Random for _____, ______

______ urine which is best for investigating Kidney/ bladder disorder

Timed specimen which can be for 24hrs for ____________ assay

A

spot glucose; ketone bodies

Midstream

creatinine/ protein

45
Q

Faeces- _____ detection, ____ activity, _____ estimation

A

occult blood

tryptic

faecal fat

46
Q

CSF – _______,______,________ estimation

Saliva – _____ studies, ____,______

Buccal smears – Essentially for ____ studies

A

cell count, glucose, proteins

DNA; cortisol; blood group

DNA

House Clinical Pathology (45 decks)

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