Vitamins Flashcards
Fat Soluble vitamins
FAT nAKED person
n
A vitamin
K vitamin
E vitamin
D vitamin
Water soluble vitamins
Thomas - Thiamine B1
Richard - Riboflavin B2
Never - Niacin B3
Pounded - Pantothenic Acid B5
Pussy Six - Pyridoxine B6
But - Biotin B7
Fondled - Folate B9
Chest - Cobalamin B12
Vitamin C
Folate found in
Yeast
Liver
Fruit
Green veggies
Thiamine found in
Meat
Fish
Whole grains
Pantothenic Acid found in
Liver
Cereals
Mushrooms
Avocados
Nuts
Niacin found in
Liver
Yeast
Cereal
Meat
Legumes
Riboflavin found in
Liver
Yeast
Egg
Meat
Milk
B6 found in
Liver
Fish
Whole grains
Nuts
Legumes
Egg
Yeast
Biotin found in
Liver
Yeast
Peanuts
Milk
Chocolate
B12 found in
Microorganisms
Vitamin c found in
Fruits and veggies
Thiamine uptake
Diet to tissues
Active form of Thiamine
TPP
B2 uptake
Absorbed in small intestine
Energy dependent manner
Which vitamin is sensitive to visible light
riboflavin
It’s yellow
Vitamin A found in
Organ meat
Green veggies
Leafy veggies
Carrots
Vitamin K found in
K1: Green leafy veggies
K2: bacteria in intestines
K3: artificial
Vitamin E found in
Veggie oils
Oily seeds
Wheat germ
Vitamin D found in
Liver
Egg yolk
Salt water
Fish
Niacin uptake
Absorbed in small intestine
Goes to tissues
B5 importance
No deficiency
Forms CoA
Important in tons of reactions
B6 uptake
- Digested in small intestine
Pyridoxal 5 phosphate (PLP) turns to pyridoxal so it can be absorbed - Absorbed and phosphorylated back to PLP
- Dephosphorylated to pyridoxal
- Oxidized to pyridoxic acid
Folate uptake
- Hydrolyzed to monoglutamate form in the intestine
- Reduced to dihydrofolate
Using NADPH - Reduced further to tetrahydrofolate
in intestinal mucosa using NADPH - Conjugated into polyglutamate form in tissues
B12 uptake
Absorbed in ileum
Need an intrinsic factor from parietal cells in stomach to absorb
In the blood
it forms B12 transcobalamin II complex
uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis
Vitamin c uptake
Blood/tissue levels proportional to intake
Vitamin A uptake
By liver
Vitamin A storage
Stored as retinal ester
Vitamin D uptake
Light
D3
Liver
Hydroxylated in liver 1st
Hydroxylated in kidney
Calcitriol = active from
Goes to
Bone
Kidney
Intestine
Vitamin E uptake
Scavengers of free-radicals
Vitamin K uptake
Prothrombin made in liver
Carboxylated prothrombin secreted in blood
Cofactor of thiamin and function
TPP
Form and break C-C bonds
oxidative decarboxylation
transketolase
in PPP turns glucose to ribose for DNA synth
Cofactor of riboflavin and function
FMN (flavin mononucleotide) or FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)
They can accept 2 H to form FMNH2 or FADH2
Then FMNH2 and FADH2 can donate 2 H to form FMN or FAD
REDOX
Niacin cofactor and function
Coenzymes in the NAD and NADP forms
These dudes are hydrogen acceptors
They combine with hydrogen as they are removed from food by dehydorgenases
B5 cofactor and function
CoA
2 main functions
1: conversion of decarboxylated pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA before CAC
2:degrades fatty acid molecules into lots of acetyl CoA
Coenzyme of B6 and function
Pyridoxal 5’ phosphate (PLP)
AA metabolism
It’s the coenzyme in the transamination for AA
Also decarboxylation of stuff
Biotin is the prosthetic group of ____
Carboxylases
Pyruvate carboxylase
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Propionyl CoA carboxylase
Folate cofactor and function
THF
Needs B6 and B12
It is a carrier of hydroxymethyl
Forms purines: guanine and adenosine and thyamine
Cofactor and function of B12
Methionine
It’s coupled with B6 and folate(THF reaction)
Malonyl coa mutase is B5
Vitamin C key points
From D-glucose
Good reducing agent
Hydroxylated of collagen and carnitine
Catecholamine synthesis
Describe the cathecholamine synthesis
Tyrosine —> Norepinephrine
epinephrine
dopamine
dopa
Need vit C as cofactor helping process along
Vitamin C and E
E = stationary
cell membranes
scavenger of free radicals
C = mobile
regenerate the reduced vit E
Basics of C and E antioxidant
E in the membrane
Binds a free radical
Transfers to C
Uses thiol and GSH to get rid of it
by oxidizing to create disulfide bond
this has NADPH to NADP and H
Where can folate be trapped
N5 methyl THF
B6 PLP is used in
Transamination
And
Decarboxylation
