FA Oxidation And KB Metabolism

Question 1

Enzyme turning tri do di glyceride

Answer 1

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)

Question 2

Enzyme turning di to mono glyceride

Answer 2

Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)

Question 3

Enzyme turning mono. To glycerol

Answer 3

monoaclyglycerol lipase (MGL)

Question 4

Which enzyme in lipolysis is regulated by low insulin levels and how does it work

Answer 4

hormone sensitive lipase

The low levels trigger GPCR path to activate AC which turns ATP to CAMP. Then CAMP takes inactive protein kinase and makes it active. Active protein kinase phosphorylates HSL making it active.

Question 5

_____ is active due to elevated glucagon

Answer 5

HSL

Question 6

Membrane transport of SCFA

Answer 6

Diffusion - cuz its smol

Question 7

Membrane transport of SCFA

Answer 7

Diffusion - cuz its smol

Question 8

Membrane transport of LCFA

Answer 8

Carnitine

Question 9

Membrane transport of VLCFA

Answer 9

Unknown - maybe carnitine and peroxisome

Question 10

Activation of SCFA

Answer 10

Mitochondrial

Question 11

Activation of MCFA

Answer 11

Mitochondrial

Question 12

Activation of LCFA

Answer 12

Cytosol

Question 13

Activation of VLCFA

Answer 13

Peroxisome

Question 14

Site of catabolism for SCFA

Answer 14

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Site of catabolism for MCFA

Answer 15

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Site of catabolism for LCFA

Answer 16

Mitochondrion

Question 17

Site of catabolism for VLCFA

Answer 17

Peroxisome

Question 18

Which oxidation of FA is ATP dependent

Answer 18

LCFA

Question 19

LCFacyl-CoA needs ____ to pass inner membrane

Answer 19

Carnitine

Question 20

Role of carnitine

Answer 20

Translocate LCFA-CoA across inner membrane into the matrix of mitochondria

Question 21

What does thiokinase do in LCFA oxidation

Answer 21

Attaches CoA onto LCFA

Question 22

What does CAT1(carnitine acyltransferases) do in LCFA oxidation

Answer 22

It takes off the CoA and puts on a Carnitine so it can be shuttled

Question 23

What does CACT do in LCFA oxidation

Answer 23

It shuttles LCFA-carnitine across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mito matrix

Question 24

What does CAT 2 do in LCFA oxidation

Answer 24

It takes off carnitine and puts CoA back on LCFA. This gets our LCFA back to LCFA-CoA and it regenerates carnitine

Question 25

What substrate is required for LCFA oxidation

Answer 25

CoA

Question 26

___ inhibits carnitine acly transferase(CAT1) And where is this inhibitor from

Answer 26

Maloney CoA FA sythesis pathway

Question 27

Peroxisomes do what for FA

Answer 27

Alpha and beta oxidation

Question 28

Where does alpha oxidation of FA occur and what does it release

Answer 28

Peroxisomes Releases CO2

Question 29

What is phytanic acid where is it found

Answer 29

A branched FA Found in fish and lamb, dairy and plant chlorophyll

Question 30

how does β oxidation in peroxisome release its electrons compared to the β oxidation in mito releasing it in in NADH or FADH2 and why

Answer 30

Peroxisomes releases it as H2O2 Bc ETC doesn’t exist in peroxisome

Question 31

ω oxidation happens where and what is it

Answer 31

In ER of liver and kidney In vertebrates An alternative path for FA metabolism. Happens is βoxidation fails

Question 32

If β oxidation fails what increases

Answer 32

ω oxidation activity

Question 33

Ketone synthesis is in the

Answer 33

Mitochondria of Liver

Question 34

Where are the 3 ketone bodies released

Answer 34

In the blood

Question 35

What is the regulatory enzyme in ketone body synthesis

Answer 35

HMG-CoA synthase

Question 36

The liver is lacking _____ which means it cannot use ketones for energy

Answer 36

β-ketoacly-CoA transferase

Question 37

Ketolysis occurs in

Answer 37

Mitochondria of extrahepatic (nonhepatic) tissue

Question 38

Where does ketone sythesis happen compared to cholesterol sythesis

Answer 38

K=hepatic mitochondria C=hepatic cytoplasm

Question 39

Which step of ketone sythesis is glucagon induced

Answer 39

HMG-CoA sythase

Question 40

Which AA are ketogenic

Answer 40

Leucine and Lysine

Question 41

Which AA are Glycogenic

Answer 41

Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Proline Serine Methionine* Threonine* Valine* *=essential

Question 42

Which AA are Glycogenic and ketogenic

Answer 42

Tyrosine Isoleucine* Phenylalanine* Tyrptophan* *=essential

Question 43

Define glucogenic AA

Answer 43

AA whose breakdown = pyruvate or one of the other intermediates of TCA Can give rise to glucose through gluconeogenesis

Question 44

Define ketogenic AA

Answer 44

AA whose breakdown = Acetly CoA or acetoactyl CoA Give rise to ketone bodies