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CBFM Final > FA Oxidation And KB Metabolism > Flashcards

FA Oxidation And KB Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Enzyme turning tri do di glyceride

A

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)

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2
Q

Enzyme turning di to mono glyceride

A

Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)

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3
Q

Enzyme turning mono. To glycerol

A

monoaclyglycerol lipase (MGL)

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4
Q

Which enzyme in lipolysis is regulated by low insulin levels and how does it work

A

hormone sensitive lipase

The low levels trigger GPCR path to activate AC which turns ATP to CAMP. Then CAMP takes inactive protein kinase and makes it active. Active protein kinase phosphorylates HSL making it active.

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5
Q

_____ is active due to elevated glucagon

A

HSL

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6
Q

Membrane transport of SCFA

A

Diffusion - cuz its smol

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7
Q

Membrane transport of SCFA

A

Diffusion - cuz its smol

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8
Q

Membrane transport of LCFA

A

Carnitine

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9
Q

Membrane transport of VLCFA

A

Unknown - maybe carnitine and peroxisome

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10
Q

Activation of SCFA

A

Mitochondrial

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11
Q

Activation of MCFA

A

Mitochondrial

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12
Q

Activation of LCFA

A

Cytosol

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13
Q

Activation of VLCFA

A

Peroxisome

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14
Q

Site of catabolism for SCFA

A

Mitochondrion

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15
Q

Site of catabolism for MCFA

A

Mitochondrion

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16
Q

Site of catabolism for LCFA

A

Mitochondrion

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17
Q

Site of catabolism for VLCFA

A

Peroxisome

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18
Q

Which oxidation of FA is ATP dependent

A

LCFA

19
Q

LCFacyl-CoA needs ____ to pass inner membrane

A

Carnitine

20
Q

Role of carnitine

A

Translocate LCFA-CoA across inner membrane into the matrix of mitochondria

21
Q

What does thiokinase do in LCFA oxidation

A

Attaches CoA onto LCFA

22
Q

What does CAT1(carnitine acyltransferases) do in LCFA oxidation

A

It takes off the CoA and puts on a Carnitine so it can be shuttled

23
Q

What does CACT do in LCFA oxidation

A

It shuttles LCFA-carnitine across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mito matrix

24
Q

What does CAT 2 do in LCFA oxidation

A

It takes off carnitine and puts CoA back on LCFA. This gets our LCFA back to LCFA-CoA and it regenerates carnitine

25
Q

What substrate is required for LCFA oxidation

A

CoA

26
Q

___ inhibits carnitine acly transferase(CAT1)

And where is this inhibitor from

A

Maloney CoA

FA sythesis pathway

27
Q

Peroxisomes do what for FA

A

Alpha and beta oxidation

28
Q

Where does alpha oxidation of FA occur and what does it release

A

Peroxisomes

Releases CO2

29
Q

What is phytanic acid where is it found

A

A branched FA

Found in fish and lamb, dairy and plant chlorophyll

30
Q

how does β oxidation in peroxisome release its electrons compared to the β oxidation in mito releasing it in in NADH or FADH2 and why

A

Peroxisomes releases it as H2O2

Bc ETC doesn’t exist in peroxisome

31
Q

ω oxidation happens where and what is it

A

In ER of liver and kidney

In vertebrates

An alternative path for FA metabolism. Happens is βoxidation fails

32
Q

If β oxidation fails what increases

A

ω oxidation activity

33
Q

Ketone synthesis is in the

A

Mitochondria of Liver

34
Q

Where are the 3 ketone bodies released

A

In the blood

35
Q

What is the regulatory enzyme in ketone body synthesis

A

HMG-CoA synthase

36
Q

The liver is lacking _____ which means it cannot use ketones for energy

A

β-ketoacly-CoA transferase

37
Q

Ketolysis occurs in

A

Mitochondria of extrahepatic (nonhepatic) tissue

38
Q

Where does ketone sythesis happen compared to cholesterol sythesis

A

K=hepatic mitochondria

C=hepatic cytoplasm

39
Q

Which step of ketone sythesis is glucagon induced

A

HMG-CoA sythase

40
Q

Which AA are ketogenic

A

Leucine and Lysine

41
Q

Which AA are Glycogenic

A

Alanine
Arginine
Asparagine
Aspartate
Cysteine
Glutamate
Glutamine
Glycine
Histidine
Proline
Serine
Methionine*
Threonine*
Valine*

*=essential

42
Q

Which AA are Glycogenic and ketogenic

A

Tyrosine
Isoleucine*
Phenylalanine*
Tyrptophan*

*=essential

43
Q

Define glucogenic AA

A

AA whose breakdown = pyruvate or one of the other intermediates of TCA

Can give rise to glucose through gluconeogenesis

44
Q

Define ketogenic AA

A

AA whose breakdown = Acetly CoA or acetoactyl CoA

Give rise to ketone bodies

CBFM Final (18 decks)

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