Nucleotides Flashcards
Functions of nucleotides
- Make up DNA and RNA sythesis
- Provide energy - ATP, GTP
- Part of cofactors/coenzymes - FAD, NAD CoA
- Carry active intermediates - UDPglucose, CDP diacylglycerol
- Act as Second messengers - cAMP, cGMP
- Regulate pathways in metabolism - enzyme activation and inhibition
OMP formation
N. Base formed before then attached to sugar
NitrOgenous 1st
IMP formation
Sugar is already formed and you add N. Base 1 @ a time
Nucleotide vs side
Side is just the sugar and n. Base
Tide is the sugar and n. Base and phosphate
Ingredients to make a sugar ring (the first step in making _____)
This process needs what cofactors and what energy
Ribose 5 phosphate —prpp synthetase—-> PRPP
Purine
Mg2+
ATP—>AMP
AMP + ATP —-> ______
And what enzyme is used
2ADP
Adenylate kinase
GMP + ATP —->. ______
And what enzyme is used
GDP + ADP
Guanylate kinase
When making purines what does ribonucleotide reductase help with
Turning GDP or ADP —-> dGDP or dADP (respectively) and from there —-> DNA
Enzyme that turns PRPP —-> 5 phosphoribosyl amine
AMIDOPHOSPHORIBOSYL TRASFERASE
Aka
GLUTAMINE PHOSPHORIBOSYL AMIDOTRANSFERASE
IMP —-?—-> adenylosuccinate
Adenylosuccinate synthetase
IMP ——?——> XMP
IMP dehydrogenase
What inhibits PRPP synthetase
GDP and ADP
IMP—-?——>inosine
Adenosine deaminase
Deficiency in adenosine deaminase can lead to
SCID
SCID is from a deficiency in what exactly
It could be form def in adenosine deaminase
Or def in purine nucleotide phosphorylase
Allopurinol does what
It inhibits hypoxanthine —-> xanthine
And
It inhibits xanthine —-> Uric acid
This is important because if they have too much uric acid and it can be peed out it cyrstallizes and leads to gout
Inosine —?—>hypoxanthine
Guanosine—-?—-> guanine
Purine nucleotide phosphorylase
Guanine—-?—->xanthine
Guanine deaminase
Hypoxanthine —-?—-> xanthine
Xanthine —?——> uric acid
What inhibits it
Xanthine oxidase
Allopurinol
What can lead to apoptosis of B, T, NK cells
No adenosine deaminase enzyme bc it leads to a buildup of toxic adenosine and deoxyadenosine. The purines can’t degrade
The bubble boy had what basic deficiency
Adenosine deaminase def
Adenosine deaminase deficiency increases levels of
dATP
A deficiency in purine nucleotide phosphorylase affects ___ and increases levels of ___
T cells
dGTP
Starting players for pyrimidine synth
Co2+glutamine+ATP