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Neuro Unit 4 > Visual System III > Flashcards

Visual System III Flashcards

1
Q

Visual Field

A

what is visible when the eyes are fixed on an object in direct line of vision

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2
Q

Visual field shape

A

oblong (due to bony obstructions), overlapping (binocular), with a monocular segment at the periphery

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3
Q

Fixation point

A

center of vision looking straight ahead, image on fovea

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4
Q

Vertical line through fixation point

A

gives nasal and temporal halves

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5
Q

Horizontal line through fixation point

A

gives upper and lower quadrants

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6
Q

Retinal field

A

nasal/temporal, upper/lower divisions but inverse to visual field

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7
Q

Retinal vs visual field

A

complete inverse relationship

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8
Q

Structures passed as light enters eye

A

cornea, anterior compartment, lens, vitreous body, retinal layers

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9
Q

Optic nerve maintains retinotopy

A

fibers remain organized according to where they originate in the retina

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10
Q

Optic chiasm

A

partial decussation, images from temporal visual fields cross over, so that the entire left field of vision is projected to the right side of the brain and vice versa

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11
Q

Which visual field crosses over at the optic chiasm

A

Temporal

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12
Q

Optic nerve contains information from

A

one eye

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13
Q

Optic tract contains information from

A

L or R visual field

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14
Q

Optic chiasm contains information from

A

temporal visual fields

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15
Q

Once projected to the LGN

A

topographic order is maintained in layers 1-6

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16
Q

Layer 2, 3, 5 of LGN contain

A

fibers from the UNCROSSED IPSILATERAL eye

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17
Q

Layer 1, 4, and 6 of LGN contain

A

fibers from CROSSED CONYTRALATERAL eye

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18
Q

Layers 1 and 2 receive information about

A

light and motion

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19
Q

Layers 3 and 6 receive information about

A

spatial discrimination and color

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20
Q

Magnocellular division

A

Layers 1, 2 motion and light information

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21
Q

Parvocellular division

A

Layers 3, 6 spatial discrimination and color

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22
Q

Geniculocalcarine tract

A

axons radiate from LGN to the visual cortex

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23
Q

Temporal loop of the Geniculocalcarine tract

A

UPPER visual field, loop downward from the LGN to the TEMPORAL lobe, to the VENTRAL portion of the optic radiations

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24
Q

Parietal Loop of the Geniculocalcarine tract

A

LOWER visual field, straight A-P projection through the PARIETAL lobe, to the DORSAL portion of the optic radiations

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25
FIbers intermediate between Parietal and Temporal projections in the optic radiation carry info from
the macula lutea
26
Primary Visual cortex is Brodman's area
17
27
LGN axons terminate on what layer of the primary visual cortex
Layer 4
28
Line of Gennari
the white line seen as almost ALL axons from the LGN synapse on Layer 4 of the primary visual cortex
29
Within the primary visual cortex LGN from upper visual fields synapse
inferior to the calcarine sulci
30
Within the primary visual cortex LGN from lower visual fields synapse
superior to the calcarine sulci
31
Within the primary visual cortex LGN from macula synapse
caudally
32
Within the primary visual cortex LGN from the periphery synapse
anteriorly
33
Which area is disproportionately large in representation
Fovea at the caudal pole of the occipital lobe
34
Hypercolumn function
portion of the cortex for processing information
35
Hypercolumn structure
2 ocular dominance columns, and 2 orientation columns, 2 blobs = hypercolumn
36
Ocular dominance column
processing form and motion of one eye
37
Orientation column
processes a BAR of light in a particular orientation (360 in 10 increments)
38
Blobs
Layers 2-3, process color
39
Primary visual cortex of the left hemisphere receives info from
the right visual field of both eyes
40
ON- and OFF-center circular receptive fields
ganglion cells AND LGN neurons
41
Rectangular receptive fields
Primary visual cortex
42
WHat is required for stimulation of a rectangular receptive field?
3 adjacent on-center LGN neurons line up on receptive field recognized by the orientation column
43
Almost ALL LGN fibers synapse on
Layer 4 of primary visual cortex
44
Parvocellular division LGN fibers CAN synapse on
Layers 2-3 in BLOBS for color processing
45
Activation of an orientational column stimulates
horizontal connections are made with orientation columns of the same axis
46
Visual input from all the functional columns results in
analysis of the topographic nature of the visual inputs
47
Visual Association Cortex function
assigns meaning to the image
48
Visual Association Cortex location
Brodman's 18-19
49
Magnocellular projections from the LGN project to
Layer 4
50
Parvocellular projections from the LGN project to
Layer 4 OR BLOBS in Layer 2-3
51
From layer 4, neurons can project to layer 2-3
and EITHER enter the dorsal pathway to parietal lobe (area7) for analysis of motion and spatial relationships OR decussate at the splenium of corpus callosum
52
From layer 4, neurons can project to layer 5
and to the subcortical structures
53
From layer 4, neurons can project to layer 6
and go back to the LGN or to the claustrum
54
Magnocellular (rods) that synapse on layer 4 and project to layer 2-3 will exit in the
DORSAL PATHWAY and project to the parietal cortex, for analysis of motion and spatial relationships
55
Parvocellular (cones) that synapse (4 or blob) and project to layers 2-3 will enter the
VENTRAL PATHWAY to the temporal lobe for analysis of form, color, face recognition; OR decussate at the splenium of corpus callosum
56
From layer 4, neurons can project to layer 5
and to the subcortical structures
57
From layer 4, neurons can project to layer 6
and go back to the LGN or to the claustrum
58
Visual cortex projects to discrete areas and therefore a lesion
may cause loss of one type of visual perception, but not others
59
Prosopagnosia symptoms
inability to do facial recognition
60
Lesion causing Prosopagnosia
Inferior temporal cortex (area 20-21)
61
Achromatopsia symptoms
Inability to interpret/distinguish colors (retinal cones intact)
62
Lesion causing Achromatopsia
Lesion to area 18, 37
63
Movement agnosia symptoms
inability to detect a moving object vs a stationary object
64
Lesion causing Movement agnosia
lesion to the junction of the occipital and temporal cortices
65
10-20% of optic tract fibers that do not synapse on the LGN project to
brachium of superior colliculus
66
Pretectal area is involved in
PUPILLARY light reflex
67
Superior colliculus is involved in
coordination of head and eye movements
68
Suprachiasmatic nucleus functions in
(superior to optic chiasm in hypothalamus) Influence visceral functions
69
Afferent Limb of Pupillary light reflex
ganglion cells --> IPSILATERAL pretectum
70
Associational limb of light reflex arc
pretectum --> BILATERAL Edinger-Westphal nuclei (decussations in the posterior commissure)
71
Efferent Limb of the light reflex arc
Edinger-Westphal --> via CN3--> postganglionic neurons in CILIARY GANGLION --> sphincter pupillae
72
Shown light in 1 eye --> no response in either eye??
Lesion to the afferent limb of ipsilateral eye (light in healhty eye gives response)
73
Shown light and 1 eye has no response, while other eye has both responses??
Lesion to efferent limb: Ciliary ganglion or CN3 (enlarged pupil at rest)
74
Accommodation Reflex
Object from far comes NEAR --> pupillary constriction
75
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
ARP and PRA, small, irregular eye with accommodation reflex present and pupillary reflex absent

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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