Limbic System

Question 1

Limbic System includes

Answer 1

hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal nuclei, cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex

Question 2

Hippocampal Formation is located in the

Answer 2

temporal lobe

Question 3

Hippocampal components:

Answer 3

Subiculum, Hippocampus proper, Dentate gyrus

Question 4

WHat 2 hippocampal structures form an interlocking C

Answer 4

Hippocampal proper and dentate gyrus

Question 5

Paleocortex and the hippocampus

Answer 5

Old cortex, 3-layered structure

Question 6

Inside out Hippocampus meaning

Answer 6

the cortical layers begin with an inner molecular layer and outer polymorphic layer

Question 7

The middle layer varies between dentate and hippocampus

Answer 7

Hippocampus - pyramidal, dentate gyrus - granule

Question 8

CA3

Answer 8

area of hippocampus that is capped by the dentate gyrus

Question 9

Alveus

Answer 9

the polymorphic layer of the hippocampus (white matter of neocortex) that forms the fornix

Question 10

Subiculum

Answer 10

transitional layer between hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus (6-layer)

Question 11

Functions of the hippocampus

Answer 11

Short-term memory loss and inability to learn new tasks or facts

Question 12

Anterograde memory loss

Answer 12

after lesion to hippocampus, short-term memories cannot be retained

Question 13

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Answer 13

Alcoholism and thiamine deficiency cause mammillary body destruction, patients cannot form new memories

Question 14

Fornix

Answer 14

major pathway of exit/entrance to the hippocampus

Question 15

Fimbria of fornix

Answer 15

travel posteriorly as a tight bundle of fibers of the alveus

Question 16

Crura of the Hippocampus

Answer 16

extension of the fimbria that extends superiorly to the hippocampal commissure

Question 17

Hippocampal commissure

Answer 17

provides 1 of 2 major pathways for hippocampi communication

Question 18

Body of the Fornix

Answer 18

single fiber bundle from the hippocampal commissure to the anterior commissure

Question 19

As the fornix reaches the anterior commissure, the fornix spits into 3:

Answer 19

Precommissural fornix, Decussation at the anterior commissure, and the Postcommissural fornix

Question 20

Precommissural fornix fibers project to

Answer 20

Septal nuclei, ventral striatum, and cingulate cortex

Question 21

Fibers decussating in the anterior commissure

Answer 21

provides the other major pathway for hippocampi communication between contralateral hippocampus

Question 22

Postcommissural fornix fibers project to

Answer 22

Mammillary bodies and anterior nucleus of thalamus

Question 23

Amygdala Location

Answer 23

mediodorsal portion of temporal lobe (deep to uncut, anterior to hippocampus)

Question 24

Amygdala function

Answer 24

integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation

Question 25

Major input to amygdala

Answer 25

Visceral input from hypothalamus, septal areas, orbital cortex, parabrachial nucleus, olfactory bulb, temporal and anterior cingulate gyrus

Question 26

Ventral Amygdalofugal output pathway of the amygdala function

Answer 26

motivation and drive influences on response, learned responses, stimulus-response associative learning

Question 27

Stria Terminalis output pathway of the amygdala function

Answer 27

to septal and hypothalamus; communicate among anterior commissure

Question 28

Amygdala functions

Answer 28

intense emotions, like fear and aggression

Question 29

Amygdala lesion can result in

Answer 29

tameness and placid calmness

Question 30

Urbach-Wiethe disease

Answer 30

lesion to amygdala due to Ca deposition = inability to discriminate emotion in facial expressions (facial recognition intact)

Question 31

Afferents to the Septal area

Answer 31

hippocampal formation via the fornix, and amygdala via stria terminalis

Question 32

Efferents form the Septal area

Answer 32

MFB to hypothalamus and midbrain tegmentum

Question 33

Septal Nuclei function

Answer 33

PLEASURE CENTER (sex, food drive)

Question 34

Lesion to septal nuclei =

Answer 34

loss of libido and foraging behavior

Question 35

Prefrontal Cortex Location

Answer 35

Area 9, 12 connected to other association cortices

Question 36

Prefrontal Cortex Function

Answer 36

judgement and foresight

Question 37

Cingulate Gyrus Function

Answer 37

ANS (PNS activity increased) and Somatic effects (arrest behavior)

Question 38

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Function

Answer 38

aggression

Question 39

Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus

Answer 39

hypothalamus/MTT and hippocampus/fornix –> anterior nucleus –> cingulate gyrus

Question 40

Dorsomedial Nucleus of the Thalamus

Answer 40

amygdala and prefrontal cortex –> dorsomedial nucleus –> prefrontal cortex

Question 41

Substantia Innominata in forebrain

Answer 41

cholinergic neurons that connect limbic system and neocortex

Question 42

Alzheimer’s disease shows marked cell loss of

Answer 42

Substantia innominata

Question 43

Nucleus Accumbens in forbrain

Answer 43

Caudate and putamen are continuous

Question 44

Nucleus Accumbens function

Answer 44

connection between motivational state and motor behavior

Question 45

Addictions are formed by

Answer 45

Nucleus Accumbens

Question 46

Papex Circuit

Answer 46

limbic system pathway for cortical control of learning and memory, emotion, and social behavior

Question 47

Storing memory involves

Answer 47

PAPEZ Circuit