Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Limbic System includes

A

hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal nuclei, cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex

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2
Q

Hippocampal Formation is located in the

A

temporal lobe

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3
Q

Hippocampal components:

A

Subiculum, Hippocampus proper, Dentate gyrus

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4
Q

WHat 2 hippocampal structures form an interlocking C

A

Hippocampal proper and dentate gyrus

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5
Q

Paleocortex and the hippocampus

A

Old cortex, 3-layered structure

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6
Q

Inside out Hippocampus meaning

A

the cortical layers begin with an inner molecular layer and outer polymorphic layer

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7
Q

The middle layer varies between dentate and hippocampus

A

Hippocampus - pyramidal, dentate gyrus - granule

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8
Q

CA3

A

area of hippocampus that is capped by the dentate gyrus

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9
Q

Alveus

A

the polymorphic layer of the hippocampus (white matter of neocortex) that forms the fornix

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10
Q

Subiculum

A

transitional layer between hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus (6-layer)

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11
Q

Functions of the hippocampus

A

Short-term memory loss and inability to learn new tasks or facts

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12
Q

Anterograde memory loss

A

after lesion to hippocampus, short-term memories cannot be retained

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13
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A

Alcoholism and thiamine deficiency cause mammillary body destruction, patients cannot form new memories

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14
Q

Fornix

A

major pathway of exit/entrance to the hippocampus

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15
Q

Fimbria of fornix

A

travel posteriorly as a tight bundle of fibers of the alveus

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16
Q

Crura of the Hippocampus

A

extension of the fimbria that extends superiorly to the hippocampal commissure

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17
Q

Hippocampal commissure

A

provides 1 of 2 major pathways for hippocampi communication

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18
Q

Body of the Fornix

A

single fiber bundle from the hippocampal commissure to the anterior commissure

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19
Q

As the fornix reaches the anterior commissure, the fornix spits into 3:

A

Precommissural fornix, Decussation at the anterior commissure, and the Postcommissural fornix

20
Q

Precommissural fornix fibers project to

A

Septal nuclei, ventral striatum, and cingulate cortex

21
Q

Fibers decussating in the anterior commissure

A

provides the other major pathway for hippocampi communication between contralateral hippocampus

22
Q

Postcommissural fornix fibers project to

A

Mammillary bodies and anterior nucleus of thalamus

23
Q

Amygdala Location

A

mediodorsal portion of temporal lobe (deep to uncut, anterior to hippocampus)

24
Q

Amygdala function

A

integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation

25
Major input to amygdala
Visceral input from hypothalamus, septal areas, orbital cortex, parabrachial nucleus, olfactory bulb, temporal and anterior cingulate gyrus
26
Ventral Amygdalofugal output pathway of the amygdala function
motivation and drive influences on response, learned responses, stimulus-response associative learning
27
Stria Terminalis output pathway of the amygdala function
to septal and hypothalamus; communicate among anterior commissure
28
Amygdala functions
intense emotions, like fear and aggression
29
Amygdala lesion can result in
tameness and placid calmness
30
Urbach-Wiethe disease
lesion to amygdala due to Ca deposition = inability to discriminate emotion in facial expressions (facial recognition intact)
31
Afferents to the Septal area
hippocampal formation via the fornix, and amygdala via stria terminalis
32
Efferents form the Septal area
MFB to hypothalamus and midbrain tegmentum
33
Septal Nuclei function
PLEASURE CENTER (sex, food drive)
34
Lesion to septal nuclei =
loss of libido and foraging behavior
35
Prefrontal Cortex Location
Area 9, 12 connected to other association cortices
36
Prefrontal Cortex Function
judgement and foresight
37
Cingulate Gyrus Function
ANS (PNS activity increased) and Somatic effects (arrest behavior)
38
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Function
aggression
39
Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus
hypothalamus/MTT and hippocampus/fornix --> anterior nucleus --> cingulate gyrus
40
Dorsomedial Nucleus of the Thalamus
amygdala and prefrontal cortex --> dorsomedial nucleus --> prefrontal cortex
41
Substantia Innominata in forebrain
cholinergic neurons that connect limbic system and neocortex
42
Alzheimer's disease shows marked cell loss of
Substantia innominata
43
Nucleus Accumbens in forbrain
Caudate and putamen are continuous
44
Nucleus Accumbens function
connection between motivational state and motor behavior
45
Addictions are formed by
Nucleus Accumbens
46
Papex Circuit
limbic system pathway for cortical control of learning and memory, emotion, and social behavior
47
Storing memory involves
PAPEZ Circuit