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Neuro Unit 4 > Important Notes > Flashcards

Important Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What fluid fills the bony labyrinth

A

perilymph (ECF, CSF)

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2
Q

What fluid fills the membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph (ICF)

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3
Q

Saccule and Utricle sense linear movement because they contain

A

hair cells embedded in an otolithic membrane that also has calcium carbonate crystals embedded on the surface.
1. Head movement 2. Rocks shift 3. Otolithic membrane shifts 4. Hair cells deflection 5. Nerve fires

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4
Q

Semicircular ducts detect angular movement because they contain

A

endolymph that moves opposite to the head, which causes the stereocilia to move toward the kinocilia and kinocilia to move toward the midline –> increased AP firing rate

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5
Q

What is the discharge rate of neurons in the semicircular ducts at rest?

A

90 spikes/sec

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6
Q

PPRF is the center for

A

HORIZONTAL gaze

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7
Q

MLF is the center for

A

VERITCAL gaze

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8
Q

What level is the PPRF and the vestibule nuclei?

A

caudal pons

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9
Q

Optokinetic Nystagmus

A

named for the direction of the saccade, fixate on a moving object until eyes reach periphery of orbit then snap back to center of vision

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10
Q

OEF

A

smooth pursuit of object moving from R–>L; L OEF- L pontine nucleus - R flocculus - R vestibular nucleus - L PPRF

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11
Q

Cold Caloric Test

A

Endolymph conduction current away, hyperpolarizing ear, eyes deviate slowly toward irrigated ear, then snap back to opposite ear

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12
Q

Inability to to adduct one eye, other eye is fine

A

Ipsilateral lesion of ascending MLF or CN3 nuclei

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13
Q

Ventral portion of otic vesicle gives rise to

A

saccule and cochlear duct

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14
Q

Dorsal portion of the otic vesicle gives rise to

A

utricle, semicircular ducts, and endolympahtic duct

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15
Q

Tympanic Membrane is formed from

A

ectoderm of meatal plug, endoderm of tubotympanic recess, and mesoderm between

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16
Q

Superior Olivary Complex

A

1st point of integration from both sides, sensitive to the differences in time of arrival and intensity from both ears to localize sound

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17
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

cause sensorineural hearing loss (Treatment for Meniere’s Disease)

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18
Q

Lens is formed by

A

the surface ectoderm

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19
Q

Derivatives of the optic cup

A

Retina, ciliary body, and iris

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20
Q

Sclera is continuous with

A

dura mater

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21
Q

Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) function

A

absorption of excess light (melanin), store Vitamin A, and meet nutrition needs of photoreceptors

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22
Q

Ration of rods:cones

A

20:1

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23
Q

Viagra inhibits

A

phosphodiesterase enzyme activity causing visual disturbances

24
Q

Dark Current

A

depolarized to -40mV in dark

25
Q

Vertical Flow of information

A

photreceptor->bipolar->ganglion

26
Q

Horizontal Flow of information

A

horizontal and amacrine cells modulating activity of bipolar cells

27
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Layers 1-6

A

Layers 2, 3, 5 = uncrossed ipsilateral fibers

Layers 1, 4, 6 = decussated contralateral fibers

28
Q

Magnocellular Division

A

Layers 1 and 2 (rods) detect light and motion

29
Q

Parvocellular Division

A

Layers 3 and 6 (cones) color and spatial discrimination

30
Q

Geniculocalcarine Tract - Temporal

A

Upper visual field info, to temporal lobe and to VENTRAL portion of radiations

31
Q

Geniculocalcarine Tract - Parietal

A

Lower visual field info, to parietal lobe and to DORSAL portion of radiations

32
Q

Geniculocalcarine Tract - Intermediate

A

Macula info

33
Q

Magnocellular fibers synapse on Layer 4 then

A

travel to layer 2-3 = DORSAL PATHWAY

34
Q

Parvocellular fibers synapse of Layer 4 or blobs then

A

travel to Layer 2-3 = VENTRAL PATHWAY

35
Q

Fibers cross for visual integration between sides via

A

splenium of corpus callosum

36
Q

Afferent limb of PLR lesion

A

no response with either eye to light shown in one eye, light shown in other eye produced response in both

37
Q

Efferent limb of PLR lesion

A

affected eye no direct of consensual response

38
Q

Argyll-Robertson

A

ARP and PRA (lesion in pretectum)

39
Q

Optic Chiasm lesion caused by

A

pituitary tumor

40
Q

Lateral Optic chiasm lesion

A

Aneurysm of internal carotid artery

41
Q

Optic Tract lesion

A

may be with/without PLR

42
Q

Temporal Loop Lesion

A

Superior quadrant vision loss

43
Q

Parietal Loop Lesion

A

Inferior quadrant vision loss

44
Q

Unilateral lesion to primary visual cortex

A

Occlusion of POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY or CALCARINE BRANCH, macula apring ue to collateral branches from MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY

45
Q

Lesion of Posterior Hypothalamus result in

A

HYPOthermia

46
Q

Lesion of the Anterior Hypothalamus result in

A

HYPERthermia

47
Q

IL-1 enters the brain and

A

stimulates neurons in pyrogenic zone, produces cytokines and prostaglandins

48
Q

PGE-2 increases the set-temp of body by

A

activating the cold-sensitive neurons and inhibiting the warm-sensitive neurons

49
Q

Anterior Hypothalamus/Preoptic area

A

Sleep center; lesion = wakefulness

50
Q

Posterior Hypothalamus

A

Awake center; lesion = hypersomnolence

51
Q

PGD2

A

promotes sleep

52
Q

PGE2

A

promotes wakefulnes

53
Q

Decussation of the olfactor fibers is via

A

Anterior commissure

54
Q

Entorhinal COrtex

A

Olfactory Association Center

55
Q

NTS contains

A

secondary neurons for ascending taste pathway to VPM of thalamus

56
Q

Septal area of limbic system function

A

Pleasure Center; lesion = loss of libido

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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