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Neuro Unit 4 > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

visceral control (ANS and neuroendocrine)

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2
Q

Suprachiasmatic hypothalamus function

A

biological clock/circadian rhythm

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3
Q

Supraoptic/paraventricular function

A

Oxytocin and ADH synthesis/release

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4
Q

Paraympathetic function location

A

ANTERIOR and MEDIAL hypothalamus

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5
Q

Sympathetic function location

A

POSTERIOR and LATERAL hypothalamus

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6
Q

Body temperature is lowest during

A

sleep

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7
Q

Thermostat neurons are located

A

anterior hypothalamus - preoptic region

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8
Q

Increases in body temperature are monitored by

A

anterior hypothalamus - preoptic region

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9
Q

Lesion to the anterior hypothalamus - preoptic region may result in

A

HYPERTHERMIA

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10
Q

Decreases in body temperature are monitored by

A

posterior hypothalamus

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11
Q

Lesions to the posterior hypothalamus may result in

A

HYPOTHERMIA

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12
Q

Fever can induce body temperature set-point to shift because of

A

PYROGENS

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13
Q

Example of an endogenous PYROGEN

A

IL-1 macrophage product in response to infection

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14
Q

Pyrogenic zone

A

medial preoptic area

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15
Q

IL-1’s effect on the pyrogenic zone

A

stimulates cytokines and prostaglandins, and DIRECTLY acts on neurons of the pyrogenic zone

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16
Q

PGE-2’s effect

A

increases the body temp set-point by activating cold-sensitive neurons and inhibiting warm-sensitive neurons (takes hours)

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17
Q

How does aspirin or NSAIDS reduce fever?

A

prevents synthesis of PGE-2 by blocking COX enzyme, lowering the temp set-point

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18
Q

Antipyretic area

A

activated by elevated temp, sensitive to ADH, ADH injection here counteracts fever

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19
Q

Satiety center

A

Ventromedial nucleus

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20
Q

Satiety factor

A

CCK (high glucose levels and fullness)

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21
Q

Leptin acts on

A

lateral hypothalamus to prevent neuropeptide Y and anandamine

22
Q

Stimulation of ventromedial nucleus =

A

inhibited food intake

23
Q

Lesions of ventromedial nucleus =

A

hyperphagia

24
Q

Feeding center

A

lateral hypothalamus

25
Q

Feeding center responds to

A

low glucose levels

26
Q

Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus =

A

eating

27
Q

Lesion to the lateral hypothalamus =

A

hypophagia, starvation

28
Q

Feeding factor

A

ghrelin (may make it difficult to keep weight off after diet)

29
Q

Amphetamines effect on eating

A

enhance NE and dopamine in the lateral hypothalamus and decrease appetite

30
Q

Thirst Center

A

Anterior and Lateral hypothalamus

31
Q

Thirst Center is closely tied to the

A

Supraoptic/ADH system

32
Q

Stimulation of Anterior and Lateral Hypothalamus =

A

increased consumption of water

33
Q

Lesions of the Anterior and Lateral Hypothalamus =

A

reduction of water consumption

34
Q

Water Satiety Center

A

Ventromedial hypothalamus

35
Q

Emotional Reaction mediated by

A

hypothalamic-autonomic connections

36
Q

Emotions (subjective) mediated by

A

cerebral cortex

37
Q

Preoptic regionstimulates __________ release from anterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

gonadotropic hormones

38
Q

In females, GNH is ___________ and in males _________

A

females - cyclical, males - fluctuates

39
Q

Male-typical behaviors are mediated by

A

Preoptic area (mounting response)

40
Q

Female-typical behaviors are mediated by

A

ventro-medial nucleus (lordosis)

41
Q

Preoptic area is sexually dimorphic because

A

it is larger in males due to testosterone surge

42
Q

Flight response

A

lateral part of the anterior hypothalamus

43
Q

Ventromedial Stimulation evokes

A

hissing, barking, snarling

44
Q

Preoptic stimulation evokes

A

pleasurable sensations

45
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

circadian rhythm, influenced by light stimuli to the retina

46
Q

retinohypothalamic fibers

A

carry retinal information to the suprachiasmatic nucleus

47
Q

Sleep Center Location

A

anterior and preoptic hypothalamus

48
Q

What promotes SLEEP?

A

PGD-2

49
Q

Awake Center Location

A

Posterior hypothalamus

50
Q

What promotes awakefulness?

A

PGE-2

51
Q

Lesion to sleep center =

A

prolonged periods of wakefulness (insomnia)

52
Q

Lesions to wake center =

A

prolonged periods of sleep

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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