Hypothalamus

Question 1

Hypothalamus function

Answer 1

visceral control (ANS and neuroendocrine)

Question 2

Suprachiasmatic hypothalamus function

Answer 2

biological clock/circadian rhythm

Question 3

Supraoptic/paraventricular function

Answer 3

Oxytocin and ADH synthesis/release

Question 4

Paraympathetic function location

Answer 4

ANTERIOR and MEDIAL hypothalamus

Question 5

Sympathetic function location

Answer 5

POSTERIOR and LATERAL hypothalamus

Question 6

Body temperature is lowest during

Answer 6

sleep

Question 7

Thermostat neurons are located

Answer 7

anterior hypothalamus - preoptic region

Question 8

Increases in body temperature are monitored by

Answer 8

anterior hypothalamus - preoptic region

Question 9

Lesion to the anterior hypothalamus - preoptic region may result in

Answer 9

HYPERTHERMIA

Question 10

Decreases in body temperature are monitored by

Answer 10

posterior hypothalamus

Question 11

Lesions to the posterior hypothalamus may result in

Answer 11

HYPOTHERMIA

Question 12

Fever can induce body temperature set-point to shift because of

Answer 12

PYROGENS

Question 13

Example of an endogenous PYROGEN

Answer 13

IL-1 macrophage product in response to infection

Question 14

Pyrogenic zone

Answer 14

medial preoptic area

Question 15

IL-1’s effect on the pyrogenic zone

Answer 15

stimulates cytokines and prostaglandins, and DIRECTLY acts on neurons of the pyrogenic zone

Question 16

PGE-2’s effect

Answer 16

increases the body temp set-point by activating cold-sensitive neurons and inhibiting warm-sensitive neurons (takes hours)

Question 17

How does aspirin or NSAIDS reduce fever?

Answer 17

prevents synthesis of PGE-2 by blocking COX enzyme, lowering the temp set-point

Question 18

Antipyretic area

Answer 18

activated by elevated temp, sensitive to ADH, ADH injection here counteracts fever

Question 19

Satiety center

Answer 19

Ventromedial nucleus

Question 20

Satiety factor

Answer 20

CCK (high glucose levels and fullness)

Question 21

Leptin acts on

Answer 21

lateral hypothalamus to prevent neuropeptide Y and anandamine

Question 22

Stimulation of ventromedial nucleus =

Answer 22

inhibited food intake

Question 23

Lesions of ventromedial nucleus =

Answer 23

hyperphagia

Question 24

Feeding center

Answer 24

lateral hypothalamus

Question 25

Feeding center responds to

Answer 25

low glucose levels

Question 26

Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus =

Answer 26

eating

Question 27

Lesion to the lateral hypothalamus =

Answer 27

hypophagia, starvation

Question 28

Feeding factor

Answer 28

ghrelin (may make it difficult to keep weight off after diet)

Question 29

Amphetamines effect on eating

Answer 29

enhance NE and dopamine in the lateral hypothalamus and decrease appetite

Question 30

Thirst Center

Answer 30

Anterior and Lateral hypothalamus

Question 31

Thirst Center is closely tied to the

Answer 31

Supraoptic/ADH system

Question 32

Stimulation of Anterior and Lateral Hypothalamus =

Answer 32

increased consumption of water

Question 33

Lesions of the Anterior and Lateral Hypothalamus =

Answer 33

reduction of water consumption

Question 34

Water Satiety Center

Answer 34

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 35

Emotional Reaction mediated by

Answer 35

hypothalamic-autonomic connections

Question 36

Emotions (subjective) mediated by

Answer 36

cerebral cortex

Question 37

Preoptic regionstimulates __________ release from anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Answer 37

gonadotropic hormones

Question 38

In females, GNH is ___________ and in males _________

Answer 38

females - cyclical, males - fluctuates

Question 39

Male-typical behaviors are mediated by

Answer 39

Preoptic area (mounting response)

Question 40

Female-typical behaviors are mediated by

Answer 40

ventro-medial nucleus (lordosis)

Question 41

Preoptic area is sexually dimorphic because

Answer 41

it is larger in males due to testosterone surge

Question 42

Flight response

Answer 42

lateral part of the anterior hypothalamus

Question 43

Ventromedial Stimulation evokes

Answer 43

hissing, barking, snarling

Question 44

Preoptic stimulation evokes

Answer 44

pleasurable sensations

Question 45

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 45

circadian rhythm, influenced by light stimuli to the retina

Question 46

retinohypothalamic fibers

Answer 46

carry retinal information to the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 47

Sleep Center Location

Answer 47

anterior and preoptic hypothalamus

Question 48

What promotes SLEEP?

Answer 48

PGD-2

Question 49

Awake Center Location

Answer 49

Posterior hypothalamus

Question 50

What promotes awakefulness?

Answer 50

PGE-2

Question 51

Lesion to sleep center =

Answer 51

prolonged periods of wakefulness (insomnia)

Question 52

Lesions to wake center =

Answer 52

prolonged periods of sleep