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Neuro Unit 4 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid in bony labyrinth

A

perilymph (ECF and CSF)

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2
Q

Fluid in membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph (ICF)

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3
Q

Membranous labyrinth is housed in

A

bony labyrinth

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4
Q

functions of vestibular system

A

position and movement of head, eye movements, equilibrium

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5
Q

Damage to vestibular system =

A

nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo

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6
Q

Vertigo

A

sensation of movement when none is occurring

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7
Q

Bony labyrinth is housed in

A

the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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8
Q

Vestibule function

A

detects linear acceleration

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9
Q

Fluid does not mix between

A

bony and membranous labyrinths

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10
Q

Membranous Labyrinth is composed of

A

VESTIBULE and SEMIcircular canals

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11
Q

Vestibule function

A

linear acceleration

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12
Q

Semicircular canals function

A

rotational acceleration

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13
Q

Vestibule is composed of

A

saccule and utricle

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14
Q

Saccule’s function

A

to detect up/down, forward/backward movement of the head (linear acceleration in the (horizontal or vertical) A/P axis)

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15
Q

Saccule location

A

dilated portion of vestibule
macula is located on floor
1st order neuron: sensory end organ hair cells

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16
Q

Utricle location

A

dilated portion of vestibule
macula is located on wall
1st order neuron: sensory end organ hair cells

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17
Q

What is contained in Scarpa’s ganglion

A

SENSORY first order neuron

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18
Q

Utricle’s function

A

detects side-to-side linear acceleration (lateral plane)

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19
Q

How are the semicircular canals and the cochlea connected

A

utricle is connected to the semicircular canals and saccule is connected to the cochlea

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20
Q

How do the utricle and saccule work?

A

Hair cells embedded in an otolithic membrane with calcium carbonate crystals

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21
Q

When the head moves then

A

crystals move –> otolithic matrix moves –> hair cells deflect –> nerves fire

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22
Q

Semicircular canals function

A

angular acceleration and head rotation

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23
Q

Semicircular canals work in pairs

A

R horizontal- L horizontal

R Anterior - L Posterior

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24
Q

Horizontal canals are oriented

A

tilted 30 degrees posteriorly

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25
Ampulla
dilated portion of the duct that containes the crista ampullaris
26
Crista ampullaris
1st order sensory end organ hair cell with kinocilia
27
kinocilia
the longest cilia that determines firing of nerve
28
Kinocilia orientation
in any given crista - orientation of the kinocilia is always the same and is CLOSEST to the MIDLINE
29
kinocilia in the horizontal duct is oriented
toward midline
30
Anterior and posterior ducts are oriented in
vertical plane
31
The semicircular canals are able to detect any head movement because
the ducts are positioned at 90 degree angles to one another
32
What causes movement of the kinocilia?
Movement of the endolymph
33
Endolymph moves opposite to head rotation so
it deflects the kinocilia of the same side as movement towards midline and cause increased firing rate
34
Kinocilia movement towards midline causes
increased firing rate
35
Kinocilia movement away from midline causes
decreased firing rate
36
Neuron firing rate at rest
90 spikes/second
37
primary sensory neuron cell body's are located
in the vestibular/Scarpa's ganglion
38
Primary sensory neurons and ganglion cells are
BIPOLAR
39
Turn your head left then the ______ side has increased AP
LEFT
40
Peripheral process of primary sensory neuron in vestibular system
synapses on receptor hair cells
41
Cell body of primary sensory neuron in vestibular system
Scarpa's/Vestibular ganglion
42
Central process primary sensory neuron in vestibular system
Pontomedullar junction in the pontocerebellar angle
43
Central process primary sensory neuron in vestibular system synapse with
IPSILATERAL vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebellum
44
Vestibulocerebellum Function
Maintain equilibrium and coordination of eye movements with head, neck, and body
45
Vestibulocerebellum structures
flocculonodular lobe and fastigial nucleus
46
Vestibulocerebellum received input from
IPSILATERAL vestibular ganglion OR IPSILATERAL vestibular nuclei
47
Pathway from vestibular ganglion to vestibulocerebellum
enters through brainstem and through juxtarestiform body on the inferior cerebellar peduncle
48
MOST primary sensory neurons terminate
IPSILATERALLY in the vestibular nuclei
49
Vestibular nuclei are located in
rostral medulla and caudal pons
50
There are 4 vestibular nuclei
Lateral, Medial, Inferior, Superior
51
Lateral (Deiter's) Vestibular Nucleus gives rise to
Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract (LVST)
52
LVST function
IPSILATERAL innervation to EXTENSOR axial musculature for balance and postural changes
53
LVST projects to
ALL levels of spinal cord
54
Medial Vestibular Nucleus gives rise to
Medial Vestibulospinal Tract (MVST)
55
MVST function
BILATERAL innervation neck muscles for control and stabilization of head
56
MVST projects to
Cervical levels Only
57
Inferior vestibular nucleus
afferents project to juxtarestiform body to vestibulocerebellum
58
Superior vestibular nucleus
afferents project to juxtarestiform body to vestibulocerebellum
59
Which vestibular nuclei are composed of myelinated axons mixed with cell bodies giving them a "salt and pepper" appearance?
Lateral and Inferior
60
Extensive commissural connections between vestibular nuclei on opposite sides of the brian allow
direct comparison and coordination
61
Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) contains
fibers projecting from ALL the vestibular nuclei to the EOM
62
Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF) contains
fibers projecting from the CONTRALATERAL vestibular nuclei
63
Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF) function
center for horizontal gaze; activation of IPSILATERAL abducens and CONTRALATERAL oculomotor
64
IF PPRF is stimulated on the Left then the _________ abducens and the _________ oculomotor is activated
Left; right; to produce a gaze to the side of the stimulated PPRF
65
Ascending portion of MLF function
connect vestibular nuclei with motor nuclei of EOM (lateral and vertical gaze)
66
descending portion of MLF function
MVST tract connections
67
What is the fluid flowing through the semicircular canals?
Endolymph

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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