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Neuro Unit 4 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid in bony labyrinth

A

perilymph (ECF and CSF)

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2
Q

Fluid in membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph (ICF)

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3
Q

Membranous labyrinth is housed in

A

bony labyrinth

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4
Q

functions of vestibular system

A

position and movement of head, eye movements, equilibrium

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5
Q

Damage to vestibular system =

A

nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo

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6
Q

Vertigo

A

sensation of movement when none is occurring

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7
Q

Bony labyrinth is housed in

A

the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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8
Q

Vestibule function

A

detects linear acceleration

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9
Q

Fluid does not mix between

A

bony and membranous labyrinths

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10
Q

Membranous Labyrinth is composed of

A

VESTIBULE and SEMIcircular canals

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11
Q

Vestibule function

A

linear acceleration

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12
Q

Semicircular canals function

A

rotational acceleration

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13
Q

Vestibule is composed of

A

saccule and utricle

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14
Q

Saccule’s function

A

to detect up/down, forward/backward movement of the head (linear acceleration in the (horizontal or vertical) A/P axis)

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15
Q

Saccule location

A

dilated portion of vestibule
macula is located on floor
1st order neuron: sensory end organ hair cells

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16
Q

Utricle location

A

dilated portion of vestibule
macula is located on wall
1st order neuron: sensory end organ hair cells

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17
Q

What is contained in Scarpa’s ganglion

A

SENSORY first order neuron

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18
Q

Utricle’s function

A

detects side-to-side linear acceleration (lateral plane)

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19
Q

How are the semicircular canals and the cochlea connected

A

utricle is connected to the semicircular canals and saccule is connected to the cochlea

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20
Q

How do the utricle and saccule work?

A

Hair cells embedded in an otolithic membrane with calcium carbonate crystals

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21
Q

When the head moves then

A

crystals move –> otolithic matrix moves –> hair cells deflect –> nerves fire

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22
Q

Semicircular canals function

A

angular acceleration and head rotation

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23
Q

Semicircular canals work in pairs

A

R horizontal- L horizontal

R Anterior - L Posterior

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24
Q

Horizontal canals are oriented

A

tilted 30 degrees posteriorly

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25
Q

Ampulla

A

dilated portion of the duct that containes the crista ampullaris

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26
Q

Crista ampullaris

A

1st order sensory end organ hair cell with kinocilia

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27
Q

kinocilia

A

the longest cilia that determines firing of nerve

28
Q

Kinocilia orientation

A

in any given crista - orientation of the kinocilia is always the same and is CLOSEST to the MIDLINE

29
Q

kinocilia in the horizontal duct is oriented

A

toward midline

30
Q

Anterior and posterior ducts are oriented in

A

vertical plane

31
Q

The semicircular canals are able to detect any head movement because

A

the ducts are positioned at 90 degree angles to one another

32
Q

What causes movement of the kinocilia?

A

Movement of the endolymph

33
Q

Endolymph moves opposite to head rotation so

A

it deflects the kinocilia of the same side as movement towards midline and cause increased firing rate

34
Q

Kinocilia movement towards midline causes

A

increased firing rate

35
Q

Kinocilia movement away from midline causes

A

decreased firing rate

36
Q

Neuron firing rate at rest

A

90 spikes/second

37
Q

primary sensory neuron cell body’s are located

A

in the vestibular/Scarpa’s ganglion

38
Q

Primary sensory neurons and ganglion cells are

A

BIPOLAR

39
Q

Turn your head left then the ______ side has increased AP

A

LEFT

40
Q

Peripheral process of primary sensory neuron in vestibular system

A

synapses on receptor hair cells

41
Q

Cell body of primary sensory neuron in vestibular system

A

Scarpa’s/Vestibular ganglion

42
Q

Central process primary sensory neuron in vestibular system

A

Pontomedullar junction in the pontocerebellar angle

43
Q

Central process primary sensory neuron in vestibular system synapse with

A

IPSILATERAL vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebellum

44
Q

Vestibulocerebellum Function

A

Maintain equilibrium and coordination of eye movements with head, neck, and body

45
Q

Vestibulocerebellum structures

A

flocculonodular lobe and fastigial nucleus

46
Q

Vestibulocerebellum received input from

A

IPSILATERAL vestibular ganglion OR IPSILATERAL vestibular nuclei

47
Q

Pathway from vestibular ganglion to vestibulocerebellum

A

enters through brainstem and through juxtarestiform body on the inferior cerebellar peduncle

48
Q

MOST primary sensory neurons terminate

A

IPSILATERALLY in the vestibular nuclei

49
Q

Vestibular nuclei are located in

A

rostral medulla and caudal pons

50
Q

There are 4 vestibular nuclei

A

Lateral, Medial, Inferior, Superior

51
Q

Lateral (Deiter’s) Vestibular Nucleus gives rise to

A

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract (LVST)

52
Q

LVST function

A

IPSILATERAL innervation to EXTENSOR axial musculature for balance and postural changes

53
Q

LVST projects to

A

ALL levels of spinal cord

54
Q

Medial Vestibular Nucleus gives rise to

A

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract (MVST)

55
Q

MVST function

A

BILATERAL innervation neck muscles for control and stabilization of head

56
Q

MVST projects to

A

Cervical levels Only

57
Q

Inferior vestibular nucleus

A

afferents project to juxtarestiform body to vestibulocerebellum

58
Q

Superior vestibular nucleus

A

afferents project to juxtarestiform body to vestibulocerebellum

59
Q

Which vestibular nuclei are composed of myelinated axons mixed with cell bodies giving them a “salt and pepper” appearance?

A

Lateral and Inferior

60
Q

Extensive commissural connections between vestibular nuclei on opposite sides of the brian allow

A

direct comparison and coordination

61
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) contains

A

fibers projecting from ALL the vestibular nuclei to the EOM

62
Q

Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF) contains

A

fibers projecting from the CONTRALATERAL vestibular nuclei

63
Q

Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF) function

A

center for horizontal gaze; activation of IPSILATERAL abducens and CONTRALATERAL oculomotor

64
Q

IF PPRF is stimulated on the Left then the _________ abducens and the _________ oculomotor is activated

A

Left; right; to produce a gaze to the side of the stimulated PPRF

65
Q

Ascending portion of MLF function

A

connect vestibular nuclei with motor nuclei of EOM (lateral and vertical gaze)

66
Q

descending portion of MLF function

A

MVST tract connections

67
Q

What is the fluid flowing through the semicircular canals?

A

Endolymph

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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