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Neuro Unit 4 > Olfaction and Taste > Flashcards

Olfaction and Taste Flashcards

1
Q

Macrosmatic

A

animals with a well-developed olfactory system

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2
Q

Microsmatic

A

(Humans) smaller olfactory system

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3
Q

Olfaction in humans functions to

A

distinguish 1000-4000 odors, conjure up memories, emotions, and sexual activity, help taste

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4
Q

Olfactory mucosa

A

columnar epithelium surrounding olfactory neuro-receptors

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5
Q

olfactory neuro-receptors

A

ONLY neurons to communicate with the external environment and undergo constant replacement

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6
Q

olfactory neuro-receptors are replaced every

A

5-8 weeks

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7
Q

Bipolar olfactory neurons have

A

a single dendrite with 5-25 cilia embedded in th eapical mucosa, each cilia has ~40 specific receptors for different odorant molecules

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8
Q

Olfactory axons

A

unmyelinated and also subject to turnover

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9
Q

CN1 enters the braincase via ____________ foramen

A

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone to terminate on olfactory bulbs

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10
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

processing station, contain 2nd order neurons, called mitral cells

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11
Q

Mitral cells of the olfactory bulb will form the

A

olfactory tract

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12
Q

Olfactory tract projection

A

olfactory bulb posterior to anterior perforated substance

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13
Q

Olfactory tracts fibers can communicate bilaterally by

A

decussating through the ANTERIOR COMMISSURE

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14
Q

Olfactory tract splits into 3 stria:

A

Medial Olfactory stria, Lateral olfactory stria, intermediate olfactory stria

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15
Q

Medial Olfactory stria contains _______ fibers and projects to

A

FEW; septal area –> MFB to hypothalamus, DMN to thalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem

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16
Q

Lateral Olfactory stria contains _______ fibers and projects to

A

MOST; piriform cortex, periamygdaloid cortex, corticomedial portion of the amygdala

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17
Q

Intermediate Olfactory stria contains _______ fibers and projects to

A

Small contingent fibers; perforated substance

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18
Q

Primary Olfactory Cortex consists of

A

Lateral olfactory gyrus, uncus

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19
Q

Lateral olfactory gyrus

A

thin layer of gray matter overlying the lateral olfactory stria

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20
Q

Uncus

A

Prepiriform cortex, Periamygdaloid cortex

21
Q

Primary Olfactory Cortex projects to

A

Amygdala and Olfactory Association Cortex

22
Q

Entorhinal Cortex

A

Olfactory Association Cortex in anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus (Brodman’s area 28)

23
Q

Entorhinal Cortex projects to

A

hippocampal formation, allowing olfactory information into the limbic system

24
Q

Piriform cortex is generally referring to

A

Prepiriform (PRIMARY) and Entorhinal (ASSOCIATION cortex)

25
Q

Taste receptors

A

specialized epithelial cells in contact with nerve fibers

26
Q

4 basic taste receptors

A

sweet, sour, salt, and bitter

27
Q

taste receptors are located in ______ which are located in ______

A

taste buds; papillae

28
Q

40-60 taste receptors/taste bud, replaced every

A

1-2 weeks

29
Q

fungiform and filiform papillae are found

A

anterior 2/3 tongue

30
Q

Foliate papillae are found

A

lateral margins of tongue

31
Q

Circumvallate are found

A

V-shaped lin 2/3 way back on tongue

32
Q

Taste sensations are carried in 3 CNs:

A

CN7, CN9, and CN10

33
Q

Facial N.

A

chorda tympani carries taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

34
Q

Cell bodies of chorda tympani are located in

A

geniculate ganglion

35
Q

Glossopharyngeal N.

A

taste sensation from Posterior 1/3 of tongue

36
Q

Cell bodies of CN9 fibers are located in

A

inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion

37
Q

Vagus N.

A

Superior laryngeal n. carries taste sensation for area around epiglottis

38
Q

Cell bodies of CN10 fibers are located in

A

inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion

39
Q

Solitary Tract

A

carries taste sensation form CN7, CN9, CN10 to the nucleus of the solitary tract

40
Q

Nucleus of Solitary Tract (NTS) receives information from

A

SVA (taste) and GVA (PNS) from CN9 and CN10

41
Q

Caudal NTS receives

A

General Visceral Afferents from CN9 and CN10

42
Q

Rostral NTS receives

A

Special Visceral Afferents from CN7, CN9, CN10

43
Q

Gustatory nucleus of NTS

A

ROSTRAL

44
Q

NTS contains

A

2nd order neurons for taste pathway

45
Q

NTS axons project to

A

IPSILATERAL VPM of thalamus via the central tegmental tract

46
Q

VPM project to

A

IPSILATERAL taste cortex

47
Q

Taste Cortex location

A

insular cortex and medial aspect of frontal operculum

48
Q

Taste Cortex pojects to

A

orbital cortex and amygdala for higher processing

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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