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Neuro Unit 4 > Visual System I > Flashcards

Visual System I Flashcards

1
Q

The eye develops from 3 layers

A

Neuroectoderm, surface ectoderm, mesoderm

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2
Q

Neuroectoderm forms the

A

retina, iris, and optic nerve

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3
Q

Surface ectoderm forms the

A

lens

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4
Q

Mesoderm forms the

A

vascular and fibrous coats of the eye

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5
Q

On day 22, the eye begins developing as the

A

optic sulci on the side of the forebrain

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6
Q

Optic sulci becomes the

A

optic vesicle

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7
Q

Lens placode forms when

A

optic vesicle contacts the surface ectoderm

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8
Q

The lens placode invaginates to form

A

the lens vesicle that sits in the mouth of the optic cup

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9
Q

The optic stalk thins to become

A

the optic nerve

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10
Q

The optic vesicle invaginates on itself

A

double-layered optic cup

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11
Q

Choroid fissure

A

extensive invagination inferiorly that allows passage of the hyaloid artery to reach the inner eye

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12
Q

Hyaloid artery

A

through choroid fissure to inner eye chamber

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13
Q

Week 7 the choroid fissure closes and

A

mouth of the optic cup forms a round opening that will become the pupil

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14
Q

Hyaloid vessels eventually become

A

central artery of the retina (once it is engulfed by the choroid fissure) to supply the inner eye NOT lens

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15
Q

Derivatives of the optic cup

A

retina, ciliary body, and iris

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16
Q

Retina

A

OPTIC CUP, cuboidal pigmented outer layer, inner photoreceptive layer in the posterior 4/5 of the eye

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17
Q

Anterior 1/5 of the inner retinal layer is

A

NON-photoreceptive

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18
Q

What’s between the 2 retinal layers?

A

small amount of fluid

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19
Q

Retinal detachment

A

separation of these 2 retinal layers

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20
Q

Ciliary Body

A

Posterior surface: epithelial layer of optic cup; and CT and Ciliaris muscle: mesenchyme

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21
Q

Iris

A

Posterior surface: epithelial layer of optic cup, CT from mesenchyme, and muscles (SPHINCTER PUPILLAE and DILATOR PUPILLAE from neuroectoderm of the optic cup)

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22
Q

SPHINCTER PUPILLAE and DILATOR PUPILLAE from

A

neuroectoderm of the optic cup

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23
Q

Optic nerve derived from

A

OPTIC STALK

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24
Q

When the choroid fissure closes

A

the hyaloid artery gets trapped in the optic nerve (Central retinal artery)

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25
Hyaloid canal of vitreoud body
remnants of obliterated anterior hyaloid vessels
26
Myelination of the optic n occurs
10 weeks postnatal
27
Choroid and sclera form from
the mesoderm surrounding the optic cup
28
The sclera is continuous with
dura mater surrounding the optic nerve
29
Anterior chamber of the eye forms from
vacuolization of mesenchyme anterior to the lens vesicle
30
Iridopupillary membrane
inner layer in front of lens and iris; OBLITERATES for communication between the anterior and posterior chambers
31
Substantia propria of the cornea
outer layer continuous with the sclera
32
Posterior chamber of the eye
forms between lens and iris
33
Cornea forms from
surface ectoderm and mesenchyme
34
Coloboma Iridis
Choroid fissure fails to close and form a round pupil, can affect iris, ciliary body, retina, choroid, and optic n
35
Persistant iridopupillary membrane
fibers persist across lens
36
Congenital cataracts
lens becomes opaque during intrauterine life (rubella weeks 4-7)
37
Cornea
transparent, highly innervated with pain fibers, and avascular (nutrition via diffusion)
38
Sclera
posterior 5/6 of eye, collagen and elastic, opaque and high water content
39
Lens
Avascular, biconvex, suspended posterior to iris via SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS
40
Vision loss with age
stiffened lens
41
Cataract
clouded lens
42
Uvea
middle layer of eye, vascular (choroid, ciliary body, and iris)
43
Choroid
CT with specialized capillaries
44
Ciliary Body
attached to lens by suspensory ligaments, muscles for accommodation
45
Iris
sphincter with smooth muscle (sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae)
46
Dilator pupillae is innervated by
sympathetics from the superior cervical ganglion - miosis
47
Sphincter pupillae is innervated by
parasympathetics from the ciliary ganglion - mydriasis
48
Retina
posterior surface of iris and ciliary body is non-photoreceptive, majority is photoreceptive
49
Cells of the retina - Retinal pigment epithelium location
sits on choroid and contacts rods and cones
50
Cells of the retina - Retinal pigment epithelium function
absorbs excess light, stores Vitamin A, nutritional maintenance
51
Cells of the retina - rods and cones
Light-sensitive rods: cones 20:1, avascular
52
Rods
night-vision, low sensitivity, saturated in daylight
53
Cones
Highly sensitive, acuity (red, green, and blue)
54
Cell type of optic nerve cells
Bipolar
55
How many rods synapse with 1 bipolar cell?
10-100
56
How many cones synapse with 1 bipolar cell?
1
57
Cells of the retina - Horizontal and Amacrine cells
retinal association cells that modify data from photoreceptors to enhance borders and contours
58
Cells of the retina - Muller Cells
lie adjacent to bipolar cells for metabolic support
59
Cells of the retina - Ganglion cells
receive impulses from bipolar cells and make up the optic n.
60
______ are absent from the central fovea, and increase at the periphery of the retina
RODS
61
Acuity in dim-light is best achieved by
not looking directly at an object, to activate the peripheral rods
62
_______ are densely packed in the central retina, and decrease at the periphery of the retina.
CONES
63
What photoreceptive cells are located at the FOVEA ONLY?
CONES
64
Macula Lutea
Central vision, location of projects image when we fixate on an object
65
Fovea Centralis
center of macula lute, area of greatest acuity, light passes directly to the photoreceptors since nuclear layers are lateral
66
Foveal cones establish
1:1:1 cone: bipolar cell: ganglion
67
Optic disc (papilla)
site of optic fiber exit, lacks photoreceptors, blind spot
68
Why does increases intracranial pressure potentially effect the eye?
because when the optic nerve exits the eye, it is invested by all 3 meningeal layers and CSF can compress the central artery and vein and prevent drainage
69
Papilledema
Intracranial pressure that causes swelling and compression of the Central a. and v. and prevent venous drainage
70
Posterior compartment of eye is filled with
vitreous humor
71
Anterior compartment of the eye is filled with
watery aqueous humor that is replenished
72
Corneoscleral junction
site where aqueous humor drains from the eye
73
Papilledema (vs Glaucoma)
blockage of the corneoscleral junction resulting in a bulge of fluid at the optic disc into the vitreous

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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