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Neuro Unit 4 > Visual System I > Flashcards

Visual System I Flashcards

1
Q

The eye develops from 3 layers

A

Neuroectoderm, surface ectoderm, mesoderm

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2
Q

Neuroectoderm forms the

A

retina, iris, and optic nerve

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3
Q

Surface ectoderm forms the

A

lens

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4
Q

Mesoderm forms the

A

vascular and fibrous coats of the eye

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5
Q

On day 22, the eye begins developing as the

A

optic sulci on the side of the forebrain

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6
Q

Optic sulci becomes the

A

optic vesicle

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7
Q

Lens placode forms when

A

optic vesicle contacts the surface ectoderm

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8
Q

The lens placode invaginates to form

A

the lens vesicle that sits in the mouth of the optic cup

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9
Q

The optic stalk thins to become

A

the optic nerve

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10
Q

The optic vesicle invaginates on itself

A

double-layered optic cup

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11
Q

Choroid fissure

A

extensive invagination inferiorly that allows passage of the hyaloid artery to reach the inner eye

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12
Q

Hyaloid artery

A

through choroid fissure to inner eye chamber

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13
Q

Week 7 the choroid fissure closes and

A

mouth of the optic cup forms a round opening that will become the pupil

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14
Q

Hyaloid vessels eventually become

A

central artery of the retina (once it is engulfed by the choroid fissure) to supply the inner eye NOT lens

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15
Q

Derivatives of the optic cup

A

retina, ciliary body, and iris

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16
Q

Retina

A

OPTIC CUP, cuboidal pigmented outer layer, inner photoreceptive layer in the posterior 4/5 of the eye

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17
Q

Anterior 1/5 of the inner retinal layer is

A

NON-photoreceptive

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18
Q

What’s between the 2 retinal layers?

A

small amount of fluid

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19
Q

Retinal detachment

A

separation of these 2 retinal layers

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20
Q

Ciliary Body

A

Posterior surface: epithelial layer of optic cup; and CT and Ciliaris muscle: mesenchyme

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21
Q

Iris

A

Posterior surface: epithelial layer of optic cup, CT from mesenchyme, and muscles (SPHINCTER PUPILLAE and DILATOR PUPILLAE from neuroectoderm of the optic cup)

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22
Q

SPHINCTER PUPILLAE and DILATOR PUPILLAE from

A

neuroectoderm of the optic cup

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23
Q

Optic nerve derived from

A

OPTIC STALK

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24
Q

When the choroid fissure closes

A

the hyaloid artery gets trapped in the optic nerve (Central retinal artery)

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25
Q

Hyaloid canal of vitreoud body

A

remnants of obliterated anterior hyaloid vessels

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26
Q

Myelination of the optic n occurs

A

10 weeks postnatal

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27
Q

Choroid and sclera form from

A

the mesoderm surrounding the optic cup

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28
Q

The sclera is continuous with

A

dura mater surrounding the optic nerve

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29
Q

Anterior chamber of the eye forms from

A

vacuolization of mesenchyme anterior to the lens vesicle

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30
Q

Iridopupillary membrane

A

inner layer in front of lens and iris; OBLITERATES for communication between the anterior and posterior chambers

31
Q

Substantia propria of the cornea

A

outer layer continuous with the sclera

32
Q

Posterior chamber of the eye

A

forms between lens and iris

33
Q

Cornea forms from

A

surface ectoderm and mesenchyme

34
Q

Coloboma Iridis

A

Choroid fissure fails to close and form a round pupil, can affect iris, ciliary body, retina, choroid, and optic n

35
Q

Persistant iridopupillary membrane

A

fibers persist across lens

36
Q

Congenital cataracts

A

lens becomes opaque during intrauterine life (rubella weeks 4-7)

37
Q

Cornea

A

transparent, highly innervated with pain fibers, and avascular (nutrition via diffusion)

38
Q

Sclera

A

posterior 5/6 of eye, collagen and elastic, opaque and high water content

39
Q

Lens

A

Avascular, biconvex, suspended posterior to iris via SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS

40
Q

Vision loss with age

A

stiffened lens

41
Q

Cataract

A

clouded lens

42
Q

Uvea

A

middle layer of eye, vascular (choroid, ciliary body, and iris)

43
Q

Choroid

A

CT with specialized capillaries

44
Q

Ciliary Body

A

attached to lens by suspensory ligaments, muscles for accommodation

45
Q

Iris

A

sphincter with smooth muscle (sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae)

46
Q

Dilator pupillae is innervated by

A

sympathetics from the superior cervical ganglion - miosis

47
Q

Sphincter pupillae is innervated by

A

parasympathetics from the ciliary ganglion - mydriasis

48
Q

Retina

A

posterior surface of iris and ciliary body is non-photoreceptive, majority is photoreceptive

49
Q

Cells of the retina - Retinal pigment epithelium location

A

sits on choroid and contacts rods and cones

50
Q

Cells of the retina - Retinal pigment epithelium function

A

absorbs excess light, stores Vitamin A, nutritional maintenance

51
Q

Cells of the retina - rods and cones

A

Light-sensitive rods: cones 20:1, avascular

52
Q

Rods

A

night-vision, low sensitivity, saturated in daylight

53
Q

Cones

A

Highly sensitive, acuity (red, green, and blue)

54
Q

Cell type of optic nerve cells

A

Bipolar

55
Q

How many rods synapse with 1 bipolar cell?

A

10-100

56
Q

How many cones synapse with 1 bipolar cell?

A

1

57
Q

Cells of the retina - Horizontal and Amacrine cells

A

retinal association cells that modify data from photoreceptors to enhance borders and contours

58
Q

Cells of the retina - Muller Cells

A

lie adjacent to bipolar cells for metabolic support

59
Q

Cells of the retina - Ganglion cells

A

receive impulses from bipolar cells and make up the optic n.

60
Q

______ are absent from the central fovea, and increase at the periphery of the retina

A

RODS

61
Q

Acuity in dim-light is best achieved by

A

not looking directly at an object, to activate the peripheral rods

62
Q

_______ are densely packed in the central retina, and decrease at the periphery of the retina.

A

CONES

63
Q

What photoreceptive cells are located at the FOVEA ONLY?

A

CONES

64
Q

Macula Lutea

A

Central vision, location of projects image when we fixate on an object

65
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

center of macula lute, area of greatest acuity, light passes directly to the photoreceptors since nuclear layers are lateral

66
Q

Foveal cones establish

A

1:1:1 cone: bipolar cell: ganglion

67
Q

Optic disc (papilla)

A

site of optic fiber exit, lacks photoreceptors, blind spot

68
Q

Why does increases intracranial pressure potentially effect the eye?

A

because when the optic nerve exits the eye, it is invested by all 3 meningeal layers and CSF can compress the central artery and vein and prevent drainage

69
Q

Papilledema

A

Intracranial pressure that causes swelling and compression of the Central a. and v. and prevent venous drainage

70
Q

Posterior compartment of eye is filled with

A

vitreous humor

71
Q

Anterior compartment of the eye is filled with

A

watery aqueous humor that is replenished

72
Q

Corneoscleral junction

A

site where aqueous humor drains from the eye

73
Q

Papilledema (vs Glaucoma)

A

blockage of the corneoscleral junction resulting in a bulge of fluid at the optic disc into the vitreous

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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