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Neuro Unit 4 > Auditory System I > Flashcards

Auditory System I Flashcards

1
Q

AT day 22

A

ear development begins when the rhombencephalon surface ectoderm thickens to become the otic placode

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2
Q

The Otic placode invaginates to form

A

the Otic vesicle

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3
Q

The otic vesicle divides into ventral and dorsal components and the ventral portion forms

A

saccule and cochlear duct

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4
Q

What layer of the rhombencephalon forms the otic placode

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

What is the neural innervation to the otic vesicle?

A

statoacoustic ganglion

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6
Q

The otic vesicle begins projecting outward during week

A

6

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7
Q

As the outgrowth contacts the surrounding mesenchyme

A

spirals (~2.5) are formed creating the cochlear duct

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8
Q

Mesenchyme surrounding the cochlear duct forms

A

cartilage

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9
Q

The cartilage formed by the mesenchyme will form

A

vacuoles that will form the scala vestibuli and scala tympani

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10
Q

The scala tympani and scala vestibuli are filled with

A

PERIlymph

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11
Q

The cochlear duct is situated

A

between the scala tympani and scala vestibuli

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12
Q

Spiral ligament

A

mesenchymal ligaments that attach the cochlear duct to the lateral adjacent cartilaginous wall (to suspend the cochlear duct)

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13
Q

Modiolus

A

medial attachment to the cochlear duct

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14
Q

Organ of Corti develops from

A

epithelium of cochlear duct wall

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15
Q

The otic vesicle divides into ventral and dorsal components and the dorsal portion forms

A

utricle, the semicircular ducts, and the endolympahtic duct

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16
Q

At week 6, the semicircular ducts form

A

flattened discs (from otic vesicle)

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17
Q

Statoacoustic ganglion is derived from

A

otic vesicle and neural crest cells

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18
Q

Statoacoustic ganglion differentiates into

A

cochlear ganglion and the Scarpa’s (vestibular) ganglion

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19
Q

The cochlear duct is made from

A

ectoderm, surrounded by mesenchyme (cartilage)

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20
Q

What structures are filled with perilymph

A

bony labyrinth, scala tympani, and scala vestibuli

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21
Q

What structures are filled with endolymph

A

membranous labyrinth and cochlear duct

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22
Q

Tubotympanic recess

A

forms from the endoderm of the 1st pharyngeal pouch

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23
Q

Proximal portion of the Tubotympanic recess forms the

A

eustachian (auditory) tube

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24
Q

Distal portion of the Tubotympanic recess forms the

A

tympanic cavity

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25
Malleus and incus are derived from what arch
1st pharyngeal arch
26
The stapes is derived from what arch
2nd pharyngeal arch
27
Until what month do the ossicles remain embedded in mesenchyme?
8th; at that time endoderm of the tympanic cavity covers the ossicles
28
Muscles of the ossicles develop from
mesenchyme
29
Tensory tympani muslce develops from
1st pharyngeal arch (innervated by CN V3)
30
Stapedius muscle develops from
2nd pharyngeal arch (innervated by CN VII)
31
Tympanic antrum
formed from the dorsal portion of the tympanic cavity
32
When does the mastoid process become pneumatized?
during year 1, filed with epithelial lined air spaces
33
External auditory meatus forms from what arch
1st pharyngeal (forms plug during month 3 and dissolves during month 7)
34
Tympanic membrane is formed by
1. ectoderm of meatal plug 2. endoderm from tubotympanic recess 3. mesenchyme between
35
Auricle is formed from
mesenchyme from the 1-2nd pharyngeal arches (primarily 2)
36
Auricle is formed how
from 6 swellings that fuse (primarily from arch 2)
37
Congenital defects - deafness
genetic influences or illnesses during week 7/8 of ear development (rubella)
38
Congenital defects - External ear deformities
normally due to chromosome abnormality (look for other signs)
39
Bony labyrinth is made up of three parts
cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
40
Bony labyrinth is filled with
perilymph
41
Cochlea
extends anteriorly from the vestibule wraps around the modiolus
42
Modiolus houses
blood vessels and nerve processes of CN8
43
Spiral limbus
bony ridge located on the surface of the modiolus and extends into the cochlea
44
Vestibule houses the
saccula and utricle
45
Semicircular canal
extends posteriorly form the vestibule and houses the semicircular ducts, oriented at 90 degrees, with an ampulla
46
Membranous labyrinth is made up of
cochlear duct, saccule and utricle, and 3 semicircular ducts
47
Specialized sensory reception of the membranous labyrinth
maculae of the saccule and utricle, cristae ampullari of the semicircular ducts, and organ of Corti of the cochlear duct
48
utricle and saccule function
detect linear acceleration/deceleration
49
Maculae of saccule and utricle orientation
saccule - floor, utricle - wall, oriented at 90 degrees - perpendicular to each other
50
Macula structure
Hair cells with 40-100 non-motile stereocilia oriented toward the single kinocilia
51
Supporting cells
secrete substance of the otolithic membrane
52
Stereocilia of the maculae are embedded in
the otolithic membrane with a layer of calcium carbonate crystals (otoliths)
53
Semicircular duct function
detect angular acceleration
54
Crista ampullaris structure
dilated portion of the semicircular ducts that contains the hair cells and supporting cells
55
Stereocilia of the crista ampullaris are embedded in
cupula
56
Cupula
cup-shaped membrane that lacks otoliths, rather is activated by movement of the endolymph
57
Scala vestibuli
above the cochlear duct
58
scala tympani
below the cochlear duct
59
helicotrema
small opening at the apex of the cochlea that allows communication between the Scala vestibuli and scala tympani
60
Vestibular membrane (Reissner's membrane)
forms the roof of the cochlear duct (between the cochlear duct and the scala vestibula
61
Spiral ligaments
lateral wall, stria vascularis is the upper part of the spiral ligament (vascularized and produces endolymph)
62
Basilar membrane stretched from
the spiral ligament to the spiral lamina
63
Basilar membrane structure
tectorial membrane lies on the organ of Corti
64
Tectorial membrane is an extension of
spiral lamina --> spiral limbus --> tectorial membrane
65
Organ of Corti
neuroepithelial hair cells + supporting cells; inner and outer hair cells, covered in stereocilia, but NO kinocilia which contact the tectorial membrane and afferent and efferent nerve endings
66
Hearing
mechanical energy converted into electrical energy
67
Basilar membrane movement causes vibration
HC deformation--> K+ influx --> Ca channels and K channels open --> Depolarization and NT release --> Ca-sensitive K channels open to allow efflux of K

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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