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Neuro Unit 4 > Auditory System I > Flashcards

Auditory System I Flashcards

1
Q

AT day 22

A

ear development begins when the rhombencephalon surface ectoderm thickens to become the otic placode

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2
Q

The Otic placode invaginates to form

A

the Otic vesicle

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3
Q

The otic vesicle divides into ventral and dorsal components and the ventral portion forms

A

saccule and cochlear duct

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4
Q

What layer of the rhombencephalon forms the otic placode

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

What is the neural innervation to the otic vesicle?

A

statoacoustic ganglion

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6
Q

The otic vesicle begins projecting outward during week

A

6

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7
Q

As the outgrowth contacts the surrounding mesenchyme

A

spirals (~2.5) are formed creating the cochlear duct

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8
Q

Mesenchyme surrounding the cochlear duct forms

A

cartilage

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9
Q

The cartilage formed by the mesenchyme will form

A

vacuoles that will form the scala vestibuli and scala tympani

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10
Q

The scala tympani and scala vestibuli are filled with

A

PERIlymph

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11
Q

The cochlear duct is situated

A

between the scala tympani and scala vestibuli

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12
Q

Spiral ligament

A

mesenchymal ligaments that attach the cochlear duct to the lateral adjacent cartilaginous wall (to suspend the cochlear duct)

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13
Q

Modiolus

A

medial attachment to the cochlear duct

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14
Q

Organ of Corti develops from

A

epithelium of cochlear duct wall

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15
Q

The otic vesicle divides into ventral and dorsal components and the dorsal portion forms

A

utricle, the semicircular ducts, and the endolympahtic duct

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16
Q

At week 6, the semicircular ducts form

A

flattened discs (from otic vesicle)

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17
Q

Statoacoustic ganglion is derived from

A

otic vesicle and neural crest cells

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18
Q

Statoacoustic ganglion differentiates into

A

cochlear ganglion and the Scarpa’s (vestibular) ganglion

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19
Q

The cochlear duct is made from

A

ectoderm, surrounded by mesenchyme (cartilage)

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20
Q

What structures are filled with perilymph

A

bony labyrinth, scala tympani, and scala vestibuli

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21
Q

What structures are filled with endolymph

A

membranous labyrinth and cochlear duct

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22
Q

Tubotympanic recess

A

forms from the endoderm of the 1st pharyngeal pouch

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23
Q

Proximal portion of the Tubotympanic recess forms the

A

eustachian (auditory) tube

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24
Q

Distal portion of the Tubotympanic recess forms the

A

tympanic cavity

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25
Q

Malleus and incus are derived from what arch

A

1st pharyngeal arch

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26
Q

The stapes is derived from what arch

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

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27
Q

Until what month do the ossicles remain embedded in mesenchyme?

A

8th; at that time endoderm of the tympanic cavity covers the ossicles

28
Q

Muscles of the ossicles develop from

A

mesenchyme

29
Q

Tensory tympani muslce develops from

A

1st pharyngeal arch (innervated by CN V3)

30
Q

Stapedius muscle develops from

A

2nd pharyngeal arch (innervated by CN VII)

31
Q

Tympanic antrum

A

formed from the dorsal portion of the tympanic cavity

32
Q

When does the mastoid process become pneumatized?

A

during year 1, filed with epithelial lined air spaces

33
Q

External auditory meatus forms from what arch

A

1st pharyngeal (forms plug during month 3 and dissolves during month 7)

34
Q

Tympanic membrane is formed by

A
  1. ectoderm of meatal plug 2. endoderm from tubotympanic recess 3. mesenchyme between
35
Q

Auricle is formed from

A

mesenchyme from the 1-2nd pharyngeal arches (primarily 2)

36
Q

Auricle is formed how

A

from 6 swellings that fuse (primarily from arch 2)

37
Q

Congenital defects - deafness

A

genetic influences or illnesses during week 7/8 of ear development (rubella)

38
Q

Congenital defects - External ear deformities

A

normally due to chromosome abnormality (look for other signs)

39
Q

Bony labyrinth is made up of three parts

A

cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

40
Q

Bony labyrinth is filled with

A

perilymph

41
Q

Cochlea

A

extends anteriorly from the vestibule wraps around the modiolus

42
Q

Modiolus houses

A

blood vessels and nerve processes of CN8

43
Q

Spiral limbus

A

bony ridge located on the surface of the modiolus and extends into the cochlea

44
Q

Vestibule houses the

A

saccula and utricle

45
Q

Semicircular canal

A

extends posteriorly form the vestibule and houses the semicircular ducts, oriented at 90 degrees, with an ampulla

46
Q

Membranous labyrinth is made up of

A

cochlear duct, saccule and utricle, and 3 semicircular ducts

47
Q

Specialized sensory reception of the membranous labyrinth

A

maculae of the saccule and utricle, cristae ampullari of the semicircular ducts, and organ of Corti of the cochlear duct

48
Q

utricle and saccule function

A

detect linear acceleration/deceleration

49
Q

Maculae of saccule and utricle orientation

A

saccule - floor, utricle - wall, oriented at 90 degrees - perpendicular to each other

50
Q

Macula structure

A

Hair cells with 40-100 non-motile stereocilia oriented toward the single kinocilia

51
Q

Supporting cells

A

secrete substance of the otolithic membrane

52
Q

Stereocilia of the maculae are embedded in

A

the otolithic membrane with a layer of calcium carbonate crystals (otoliths)

53
Q

Semicircular duct function

A

detect angular acceleration

54
Q

Crista ampullaris structure

A

dilated portion of the semicircular ducts that contains the hair cells and supporting cells

55
Q

Stereocilia of the crista ampullaris are embedded in

A

cupula

56
Q

Cupula

A

cup-shaped membrane that lacks otoliths, rather is activated by movement of the endolymph

57
Q

Scala vestibuli

A

above the cochlear duct

58
Q

scala tympani

A

below the cochlear duct

59
Q

helicotrema

A

small opening at the apex of the cochlea that allows communication between the Scala vestibuli and scala tympani

60
Q

Vestibular membrane (Reissner’s membrane)

A

forms the roof of the cochlear duct (between the cochlear duct and the scala vestibula

61
Q

Spiral ligaments

A

lateral wall, stria vascularis is the upper part of the spiral ligament (vascularized and produces endolymph)

62
Q

Basilar membrane stretched from

A

the spiral ligament to the spiral lamina

63
Q

Basilar membrane structure

A

tectorial membrane lies on the organ of Corti

64
Q

Tectorial membrane is an extension of

A

spiral lamina –> spiral limbus –> tectorial membrane

65
Q

Organ of Corti

A

neuroepithelial hair cells + supporting cells; inner and outer hair cells, covered in stereocilia, but NO kinocilia which contact the tectorial membrane and afferent and efferent nerve endings

66
Q

Hearing

A

mechanical energy converted into electrical energy

67
Q

Basilar membrane movement causes vibration

A

HC deformation–> K+ influx –> Ca channels and K channels open –> Depolarization and NT release –> Ca-sensitive K channels open to allow efflux of K

Neuro Unit 4 (12 decks)

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