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PSY322 Cognitive Psychology > Visual Imagery > Flashcards

Visual Imagery Flashcards

Exam 3

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1
Q

Visual imagery

A

“seeing” in the absence of a visual stimulus

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2
Q

Visual imagery adds ________________________ to purely verbal techniques

A

another dimension/more information

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3
Q

Mental imagery

A

Experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input

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4
Q

“Is thinking possible without images?” was a question of what debate?

A

Imageless thought debate

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5
Q

Paired-associate learning

A

Associating information with images

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6
Q

What was Paivio’s conceptual peg hypothesis?

A

Memory for words that evoke mental images is better than those that do not

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7
Q

What was Shepard and Metzler’s mental chronometry experiment?

A

Participants mentally rotated one object to see if it matches another object

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8
Q

Spatial correspondence between __________ and ___________________

A

imagery and perception

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9
Q

What is mental scanning?

A

Participants create mental images, scan them in their minds, then say when they completed the task

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10
Q

Kosslyn’s mental scanning experiment

A

Memorize the picture and create an image of it. Participants were then asked to move from part to part

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11
Q

It took longer for participants to mentally move ___________ distances than ____________ distances.

A

Long; short

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12
Q

More distractions when scanning _____ distances may have ______________ reaction time

A

longer; increased

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13
Q

Visual imagery is ___________

A

Spatial

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14
Q

Kosslyn’s island with seven locations, 21 trips experiment proved

A

that it took longer to scan for greater distances

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15
Q

Spatial representation is an ______________________ (weird word), which means that it accompanies _______________ but is not actually a part of it

A

epiphenomenon; real mechanism

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16
Q

Pylyshyn proposed that imagery is ____________

A

propositional; can be represented by abstract symbols

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17
Q

Propositional representation

A

Symbols, language; sentence to represent the information

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18
Q

Depictive representation

A

similar to realtistic pictures; actual replicant picture in mind

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19
Q

When thinking hard about something, some people look up and to the right. If they do not look up and to the right but still can process thoughts, this is an example of an ____________

A

epiphenomenon

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20
Q

Is it easier to detect details on large objects or small objects?

A

Large

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21
Q

There is a relationship between viewing _________ and _____________ of an object

A

distance; perception

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22
Q

What is the mental walk task?

A

Move closer to an object mentally until you are so close that it overflows your visual field

23
Q

Mental walk task prove that you have to mentally move closer to a large/small animal compared to a large/small

A

small; large

24
Q

Are objects in the mind ________ than objects in real life
A. larger
B. smaller
C. the same size

A

C. The same size
(Ex: elephants are still larger than rabbits)

25
Q

Kosslyn’s results can be explained by using ____________________________ unconsciously. This is called the ________________

A

real-world knowledge
Tacit-knowledge explanation

26
Q

Finke and Pinker’s dot arrow experiment results

A

longer reaction time when greater distance between the arrow and the dot (as if they were mental time traveling)

27
Q

Perky (1910) really stupid banana experiment results

A

Mistake actual picture for a mental image

28
Q

What did Farah’s letter visualization experiment prove

A

Shows the interplay between what you are seeing and what you imagined

29
Q

Imagery neurons respond to both ________ and ___________ an object

A

perceiving and imagining

30
Q

Le Bihan and coworkers used fMRI to measure _____________ neurons

A

Imagery

31
Q

Le Bihan’s experiment proved that there was

A

overlap in the brain between imagining a stimulus and actually perceiving a stimulus

32
Q

Ganis and coworkers found complete ________ of activation by perception and imagery in the front of the brain, but differences in the ______ of the brain

A

overlap; back

33
Q

What part of the brain did the worst with perception and imagery overlap?
a. front
b. middle
c. back

A

C. Back

34
Q

Mental images are more ___________, less activation keeps other things from _________

A

fragile; interfering

35
Q

Amedi found that there was a deactivation of __________ areas of the brain

A

nonvisual

36
Q

Brain activity in response to imagery (2)

A
  1. May indicate something is happening
  2. May not cause imagery
37
Q

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation? (TMS)

A

Decreasing brain functioning in a particular area of the brain for a short time

38
Q

What does TMS tell us about behavior?

A

If behavior is disrupted, the deactivated part of the brain is causing that behavior

39
Q

How did a TMS to the visual cortex affect the brain during perception and imagery task?

A

The response time was slower for both

40
Q

Brain activity in the visual area of the brain plays a _________________ for both perception and imagery

A

causal role

41
Q

Patient M.G.S process (3)

A
  1. Completed mental walk task before (15 feet)
  2. Removed her right occipital lobe
  3. Completed mental walk task and could only approach 35 feet of the horse before it overflowed
42
Q

What did M.G.S.’s mental walk task result prove?

A

That there is mirroring between imagery and perception

43
Q

What is unilateral neglect?

A

Patient ignores objects in one half of visual field in perception and imagery

44
Q

What was Guariglia’s dissociation in a brain-damaged patient?

A

Patient’s perception was intact, but mental images were impaired

45
Q

R.M. dissociation (damage to parietal and occipital lobes)

A

Could draw accurate pictures of objects in front of him, but could not draw accurate pictures of objects from memory (using imagery)

46
Q

C.K. dissociation

A

Inability to name pictures of certain items, but can draw pictures from memory

47
Q

What did C.K.’s dissociation prove?

A

C.K.’s perception was impaired, while his mental images were fully intact

48
Q

Is imagery a top-down or bottom-up process?

A

Top-down

49
Q

Is visual perception a top-down or bottom-up process?

A

Botom-up

50
Q

Perception is __________ and _______

A

automatic and stable

51
Q

Imagery takes _________ and is _______

A

effort and is fragile

52
Q

Chalmers and Reisberg flipping image (rabbit or duck)

A

Difficult to flip from one perception to another while holding a mental image of it

53
Q

Method of Loci

A

Tie things you need to memorize with a location; placing images at locations

54
Q

Pegword technique

A

Associate items to be remembered with concrete words

PSY322 Cognitive Psychology (13 decks)

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