Visual Imagery

Question 1

Visual imagery

Answer 1

“seeing” in the absence of a visual stimulus

Question 2

Visual imagery adds ________________________ to purely verbal techniques

Answer 2

another dimension/more information

Question 3

Mental imagery

Answer 3

Experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input

Question 4

“Is thinking possible without images?” was a question of what debate?

Answer 4

Imageless thought debate

Question 5

Paired-associate learning

Answer 5

Associating information with images

Question 6

What was Paivio’s conceptual peg hypothesis?

Answer 6

Memory for words that evoke mental images is better than those that do not

Question 7

What was Shepard and Metzler’s mental chronometry experiment?

Answer 7

Participants mentally rotated one object to see if it matches another object

Question 8

Spatial correspondence between __________ and ___________________

Answer 8

imagery and perception

Question 9

What is mental scanning?

Answer 9

Participants create mental images, scan them in their minds, then say when they completed the task

Question 10

Kosslyn’s mental scanning experiment

Answer 10

Memorize the picture and create an image of it. Participants were then asked to move from part to part

Question 11

It took longer for participants to mentally move ___________ distances than ____________ distances.

Answer 11

Long; short

Question 12

More distractions when scanning _____ distances may have ______________ reaction time

Answer 12

longer; increased

Question 13

Visual imagery is ___________

Answer 13

Spatial

Question 14

Kosslyn’s island with seven locations, 21 trips experiment proved

Answer 14

that it took longer to scan for greater distances

Question 15

Spatial representation is an ______________________ (weird word), which means that it accompanies _______________ but is not actually a part of it

Answer 15

epiphenomenon; real mechanism

Question 16

Pylyshyn proposed that imagery is ____________

Answer 16

propositional; can be represented by abstract symbols

Question 17

Propositional representation

Answer 17

Symbols, language; sentence to represent the information

Question 18

Depictive representation

Answer 18

similar to realtistic pictures; actual replicant picture in mind

Question 19

When thinking hard about something, some people look up and to the right. If they do not look up and to the right but still can process thoughts, this is an example of an ____________

Answer 19

epiphenomenon

Question 20

Is it easier to detect details on large objects or small objects?

Answer 20

Large

Question 21

There is a relationship between viewing _________ and _____________ of an object

Answer 21

distance; perception

Question 22

What is the mental walk task?

Answer 22

Move closer to an object mentally until you are so close that it overflows your visual field

Question 23

Mental walk task prove that you have to mentally move closer to a large/small animal compared to a large/small

Answer 23

small; large

Question 24

Are objects in the mind ________ than objects in real life
A. larger
B. smaller
C. the same size

Answer 24

C. The same size
(Ex: elephants are still larger than rabbits)

Question 25

Kosslyn's results can be explained by using ____________________________ unconsciously. This is called the ________________

Answer 25

real-world knowledge Tacit-knowledge explanation

Question 26

Finke and Pinker's dot arrow experiment results

Answer 26

longer reaction time when greater distance between the arrow and the dot (as if they were mental time traveling)

Question 27

Perky (1910) really stupid banana experiment results

Answer 27

Mistake actual picture for a mental image

Question 28

What did Farah's letter visualization experiment prove

Answer 28

Shows the interplay between what you are seeing and what you imagined

Question 29

Imagery neurons respond to both ________ and ___________ an object

Answer 29

perceiving and imagining

Question 30

Le Bihan and coworkers used fMRI to measure _____________ neurons

Answer 30

Imagery

Question 31

Le Bihan's experiment proved that there was

Answer 31

overlap in the brain between imagining a stimulus and actually perceiving a stimulus

Question 32

Ganis and coworkers found complete ________ of activation by perception and imagery in the front of the brain, but differences in the ______ of the brain

Answer 32

overlap; back

Question 33

What part of the brain did the worst with perception and imagery overlap? a. front b. middle c. back

Answer 33

C. Back

Question 34

Mental images are more ___________, less activation keeps other things from _________

Answer 34

fragile; interfering

Question 35

Amedi found that there was a deactivation of __________ areas of the brain

Answer 35

nonvisual

Question 36

Brain activity in response to imagery (2)

Answer 36

1. May indicate something is happening 2. May not cause imagery

Question 37

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation? (TMS)

Answer 37

Decreasing brain functioning in a particular area of the brain for a short time

Question 38

What does TMS tell us about behavior?

Answer 38

If behavior is disrupted, the deactivated part of the brain is causing that behavior

Question 39

How did a TMS to the visual cortex affect the brain during perception and imagery task?

Answer 39

The response time was slower for both

Question 40

Brain activity in the visual area of the brain plays a _________________ for both perception and imagery

Answer 40

causal role

Question 41

Patient M.G.S process (3)

Answer 41

1. Completed mental walk task before (15 feet) 2. Removed her right occipital lobe 3. Completed mental walk task and could only approach 35 feet of the horse before it overflowed

Question 42

What did M.G.S.'s mental walk task result prove?

Answer 42

That there is mirroring between imagery and perception

Question 43

What is unilateral neglect?

Answer 43

Patient ignores objects in one half of visual field in perception and imagery

Question 44

What was Guariglia's dissociation in a brain-damaged patient?

Answer 44

Patient's perception was intact, but mental images were impaired

Question 45

R.M. dissociation (damage to parietal and occipital lobes)

Answer 45

Could draw accurate pictures of objects in front of him, but could not draw accurate pictures of objects from memory (using imagery)

Question 46

C.K. dissociation

Answer 46

Inability to name pictures of certain items, but can draw pictures from memory

Question 47

What did C.K.'s dissociation prove?

Answer 47

C.K.'s perception was impaired, while his mental images were fully intact

Question 48

Is imagery a top-down or bottom-up process?

Answer 48

Top-down

Question 49

Is visual perception a top-down or bottom-up process?

Answer 49

Botom-up

Question 50

Perception is __________ and _______

Answer 50

automatic and stable

Question 51

Imagery takes _________ and is _______

Answer 51

effort and is fragile

Question 52

Chalmers and Reisberg flipping image (rabbit or duck)

Answer 52

Difficult to flip from one perception to another while holding a mental image of it

Question 53

Method of Loci

Answer 53

Tie things you need to memorize with a location; placing images at locations

Question 54

Pegword technique

Answer 54

Associate items to be remembered with concrete words