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ALE!!! > VISUAL DICTIONARY Ill > Flashcards

VISUAL DICTIONARY Ill Flashcards

1
Q

A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism white plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in a kiln.

A

BRICK

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2
Q

What brick is made for general building purposes and not specially treated for color and texture.

A

COMMON BRICK
or
BUILDING BRICK

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3
Q

Brick made of special clays for facing a wall, often treated to produce the desired color and surface texture.

A

FACE BRICK
or
FACING BRICK

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4
Q

A designation indicating the permissible variation in size, color, chippage, and distortion allowed in a facing brick unit

A

BRICK TYPE

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5
Q

What facing brick is suitable for use where a minimum variation in size, narrow color range, and high degree of mechanical perfection are required?

A

type FBX

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6
Q

What facing brick is suitable for use where a wider color range and greater variation in size are permitted than for type FBX?

A

Type FBS

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7
Q

what facing brick is suitable for use where particular effects are desired resulting from nonuniformity in size, color, and texture of the individual units

A

Type FBA

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8
Q

A designation indicating the durability of a brick unit when exposed to weathering

A

BRICK GRADE

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9
Q

What brick is suitable for exposure to severe weathering as when in contact with the ground or used on surfaces likely to with water in subfreezing temperatures?

A

Type SW

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10
Q

what brick is suitable for exposure to moderate weathering, as when used above grade on surfaces unlikely to be permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures?

A

type MW

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11
Q

What do you call the process of forming brick by molding relatively wet day having a moisture content of 20% to 30%?

A

SOFT-MUD PROCESS

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12
Q

what brick is formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lined with sand to prevent sticking, producing a matte-textured surface?

A

SAND-STUCK BRICK

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13
Q

what brick is formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lubricated with water to prevent sticking, producing a smooth, dense surface?

A

WATER-STRUCK BRICK

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14
Q

what do you call the process of forming brick and structural tile by extruding stiff but plastic day having a moisture content of 12% to 15% through a die and cutting the extrusion to length with wires before firing?

A

STIFF-MUD PROCESS

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15
Q

What do you call the process of forming brick by molding relatively dry clay having a moisture content of 5% to 7% under high pressure, resulting in Sharp-edged, smooth-surfaced bricks?

A

DRY-PRESS PROCESS

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16
Q

what do you call the furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying something, esp. one for firing pottery, baking bricks, or drying timber?

A

KILN

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17
Q

What is a brick or timber a rejected as being inferior in quality?

A

CULL

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18
Q

What brick is suitable for exposure to negligible weathering, as when used as backup on interior masonry?

A

type NW

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19
Q

what brick is made of fire clay used for lining furnaces & fireplace?

A

FIREBRICK

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20
Q

What is a refractory clay used in the making of firebricks, crucibles, and other objects exposed to high temperatures?

A

FIRE CLAY

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21
Q

A material having the ability to retain its physical shape and chemical identity when subjected to high temperatues

A

REFRACTORY

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22
Q

What is a dense, hard-burned brick used esp. for paving?

A

CLINKER

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23
Q

what is a white powdery deposit that forms on an exposed masonry or concrete surface, caused by the learning and crystallization of soluble salts from within the material?

A

EFFLORESCENCE

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24
Q

The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit when immersed in either cold or boiling water for a stated length of time, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the dry unit

A

ABSORPTION

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25
Q

The ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit immersed in cold water to the weight absorbed when immersed in boiling water, indicating the probable resistance of the brick to the action of freezing and thawing

A

SATURATION COEFFICIENT

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26
Q

The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit when partially immersed for 1 minute, expressed in grams or ounces per minute

A

SUCTION
or
INITIAL RATE OF ABSORPTION

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27
Q

What do you call a brick dimension larger than the actual dimension to account for the thickness of a mortal joint?

A

NOMINAL DIMENSION

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28
Q

What is any various oversized bricks having nominal dimensions established by the manufacturer?

A

JUMBO BRICK

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29
Q

What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 8 in. (102 x 68 x 203 mm)?

A

MODULAR BRICK

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30
Q

What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 12 in. (102 x 608 x 305mm)

A

NORMAN BRICK

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31
Q

What brick has nominal dimensions of 6x2 2/3 x 12 in. (102 x 68 x 305m), it stands for structural clay research and is a trademark of the Brick Institute of America?

A

SCR brick

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32
Q

What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x3 1/5 8 in. (102 X 81 x 203 mm)?

A

ENGINEERED BRICK

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33
Q

What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x3 1/5 x 12in. (102 x 81 x 305mm)?

A

NORWEGIAN BRICK

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34
Q

What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2x2 in (102 X 51 X 305mm)?

A

ROMAN BRICK

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35
Q

What brick has nominal dimensions of 4 x 4 x 8 in. (102 X 102 x 203 mm)?

A

ECONOMY BRICK

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36
Q

What brick or file has normal face dimensions but a nominal thickness of 2 ?in. (51 min)

A

SOAP

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37
Q

What brick is cut transversely so as to leave one end whole?

A

BAT

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38
Q

It means to chip or rub stones or bricks to a certain size or shape

A

GAUGE

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39
Q

Refers to brick construction esp. the art of bonding bricks effectively

A

BRICKWORK

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40
Q

Refers to any of various arrangements of masonry units having a regular, recognizable, usually overlapping pattern to increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the construction

A

BOND

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41
Q

A brickwork or masonry bond composed of overlapping stretchers

A

RUNNING BOND
or
STRETCHER BOND

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42
Q

A continuous course of soldiers in brickwork

A

SOLDIER COURSE

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43
Q

A brickwork on masonry bond having successive courses of stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically

A

STACK BOND

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44
Q

A brickwork or band having a course of headers between every five or six courses of stretchers

A

COMMON BOND
or
AMERICAN BOND

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45
Q

A masonry unit specially formed or out to finish a course or complete the band at the corner of a wall

A

CLOSER
or
CLOSURE

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46
Q

A continuous course of stretchers in brickwork

A

STRETCHING COURSE

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47
Q

A continuous course of headers in brickwork

A

HEADING COURSE

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48
Q

A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface

A

STRETCHER

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49
Q

A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall me with the shorter and exposed or parallel to the surface

A

HEADER

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50
Q

A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with a shorter end exposed

A

ROWLOCK
or
ROLLOCK

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51
Q

A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed

A

SOLDIER

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52
Q

A brick laid vertically with a broad face exposed

A

SAILOR

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53
Q

A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad face exposed

A

SHINER
or
BULL STRETCHER

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54
Q

A continuous course of headers or bondstones overlapping more than one wythe of masonry

A

BOND COURSE

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55
Q

A brickwork bond having alternate courses of headers and stretchers in which the headers are centered on stretchers and the joints between stretchers line up vertically in all courses

A

ENGLISH BOND

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56
Q

A brick of half the normal width, used for completing a course or for spacing regular bricks

A

QUEEN CLOSER
or
QUEEN CLOSURE

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57
Q

A modified English bond in which the head joints in the stretching courses are offset by half the length of the stretcher

A

ENGLISH CROSS BOND
or
DUTCH BOND

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58
Q

A brickwork bond having alternating headers and stretchers in each course, each header being centered above and below a stretcher

A

FLEMISH BOND

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59
Q

A three-quarter brick for finishing a course or for spacing regular bricks

A

KING CLOSER
or KING CLOSURE

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60
Q

A modified Flemish bond having courses of alternate headers and stretchers alternating with stretching courses

A

FLEMISH CROSS BOND

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61
Q

A brick having a darker end exposed as a header in patterned brickwork

A

FLARE HEADER

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62
Q

A form of Flemish cross bong in which the courses are offset to form a diamond pattern

A

FLEMISH DIAGONAL BOND

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63
Q

A brickwork bond for lightly loaded boundary walls, having a sequence of a header and three stretchers in each course, with each header being centered over a header in alternate courses

A

GARDEN-WALL BOND

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64
Q

What is a relatively permanent enclosed structure constructed over a plot of land for habitable use?

A

BUILDING

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65
Q

What is a roof with one slope called?

A

LEAN-TO

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66
Q

What roof has two slopes that rests upon parallel walls and lean against one another meeting in a horizontal ridge at the top?

A

GABLE

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67
Q

what roof is carried by circular walls?

A

CONICAL (CONE)
or
DOMICAL (DOME)

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68
Q

what is the inclined line where the roofs intersect if two walls make a projecting angle?

A

HIP

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69
Q

What is the inclined line of intersection if two walls meet in a reentering angle?

A

VALLEY

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70
Q

What is the projection called if the roof extends beyond the wall that supports it?

A

EAVES

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71
Q

What is the projection called if the wall also projects to support the extension of the roof?

A

CORNICE

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72
Q

What is the principal member of a cornice, which projects like a shell and crowns the wall?

A

CORONA

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73
Q

what is the projection called when walls are generally made wider just at the bottom so as to get a better bearing on the ground?

A

BASE

74
Q

what is the projection called when walls are generally made wider at the top?

A

CAP

75
Q

What is a low wall called?

A

PARAPET

76
Q

what is a short piece of wall about as long as it is thick?

A

Post

77
Q

what is a short piece of wall about as long as it is thick and supports something?

A

PEDESTAL

78
Q

What do you call the part between the cap and base of post & pedestal?

A

DIE

79
Q

What do you call a tall square post?

A

PIER

80
Q

What do you call a tall round post?

A

COLUMN

81
Q

What do you call the caps of piers and columns?

A

CAPITALS

82
Q

What do you call the part between the cap and base of piers and columns?

A

SHAFT

83
Q

What do you call the flat upper member of a capital?

A

ABACUS

84
Q

What do you call a beam that spans the space between two piers or columns or between a pier or column and a wall?

A

ARCHITRAVE
or
EPISTYLE

85
Q

What do you call the part between the architrave and cornice?

A

FRIEZE

86
Q

Architrave + frieze + cornice = ?

A

ENTABLATURE

87
Q

what do you call a series of columns?

A

COLONNADE

88
Q

What do you call a series of arches?

A

ARCADE

89
Q

what is a vertical extension of a building or other construction above the foundation?

A

SUPERSTRUCTURE

90
Q

what do you call the exterior framework or walls and roof of a building?

A

SHELL

91
Q

What is the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building or other construction?

A

SUBSTRUCTURE

92
Q

A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent things or parts forming a complex or unified whole esp. to serve a common purpose

A

SYSTEM

93
Q

what constitutes the chief supporting members of a building?

A

WALL, PIER, and COLUMN

94
Q

What constitutes the chief part of the load carried by the supporting members?

A

FRIEZE and CORNICE with the ROOF

95
Q

these are part of the load relative to what is below them but are supporting members relative to what is above them

A

ARCHITRAVE, ARCHES, SPANDRELS

96
Q

What is a building esp. one of large size, massive structure, imposing appearance?

A

EDIFICE

97
Q

what is a bldg of exceptional height and many stories, supported by a steel or concrete framework from which the walls are suspended?

A

SKYSCRAPER

98
Q

What describes a bldg having a comparatively large number of stories and equipped with elevators?

A

HIGH-RISE

99
Q

What is a complete horizontal division of a bldg having continuous or nearly continuous floor and comprising the space between two adjacent levels?

A

STORY

100
Q

What describes a bldg having one, too, or three stories and usually no elevator?

A

LOW-RISE

101
Q

What describes a bldg having a moderately large number of stories, usually 5 to 10, and equipped with elevators?

A

MID-RISE

102
Q

What do you call one of the upper floors of a warehouse or factory, typically unpartitioned and sometimes converted or adapted to other uses, such as living quarters, artist’s studios, or exhibition galleries?

A

LOFT

103
Q

A bldg having several floors with large areas of unobstructed space, originally rented out for light industrial purposes and now frequently converted to residential occupancy

A

LOFT BLDG

104
Q

What is a room or space directly under the roof of a bldg esp. a house?

A

ATTIC

105
Q

what is a usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having dormer windows for lighting?

A

HALF-STORY

106
Q

what is an area in a bldg having a clearance less than human height, but accessible by crawling esp. such a space below the first floor that is enclosed by the foundation walls?

A

CRAWL SPACE

107
Q

what is a room or set of rooms for the storage of food, fuel, or the like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath a bldg ?

A

CELLAR

108
Q

what is a cellar or other underground place for shelter during violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or hurricanes.

A

STORM CELLAR
or
CYCLONE CELLAR

109
Q

what is a horizontal or inclined door over a stairway giving access to a cellar?

A

BULKHEAD

110
Q

what is a continuous supporting surface extending horizontally throughout a bldg, having a number of rooms and constituting one level in the structure?

A

FLOOR

111
Q

What is a low or partial story between two main stories of a bldg esp. one that projects as a balcony and forms a composition with the story beneath it?

A

MEZZANINE

112
Q

What is the ground floor of bldg? (In Britain, it is the floor immediately above the ground floor)

A

FIRST FLOOR

113
Q

what is the floor of a bldg at or nearest to ground level?

A

GROUND FLOOR

114
Q

what is a story of a bldg that is wholly or partly below ground level?

A

BASEMENT

115
Q

what is any story or floor below the main basement of a bldg?

A

SUBBASEMENT

116
Q

what is a sunken area affording access, air, and light to a basement door or window?

A

AREAWAY

117
Q

what is the front of a bldg or any of its sides facing a public way or space, esp. one distinguished by its architectural treatments?

A

FACADE

118
Q

Refers to a principal facade, or a part or feature of a facade, often treated as a separate element of the design and highlighted by ornamentation

A

FRONTISPIECE

119
Q

In French Architecture, a term describing the central element of a bldg as opposed to its subsidiary wings & pavilions.

A

CORPS DE LOGIS

120
Q

A projecting subdivision of a facade, usually accented by more elaborate decoration or greater height and distinction of skyline

A

PAVILION

121
Q

what is a facade falsifying the size or importance of a bldg?

A

FALSE FRONT

122
Q

What is a major horizontal architectural division, as of a facade or the wall of a nave?

A

STORY

123
Q

What is any of a number of principal compartments or divisions of a wall, roof, or other part of a bldg marked off by vertical or transverse supports?

A

BAY

124
Q

what is a major horizontal division of a wall having no exterior windows?

A

BLIND STORY

125
Q

Describes a recess in a wall having the appearance of a window or door, inserted to complete a series of windows or to provide symmetry of design

A

BLIND

126
Q

what is an elevated platform projecting from the wall of a bldg and enclosed by a railing or parapet?

A

BALCONY

127
Q

What do you call the design, proportioning, and disposition of windows and other exterior openings of a bldg ?

A

FENESTRATION

128
Q

What is a raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes having a roof, at the entrance of a house?

A

STOOP

129
Q

What is an exterior appendage to a bldg forming a covered approach or vestibule to a doorway?

A

PORCH

130
Q

What is a porch having a roof supported by columns often leading to the entrance of a bldg?

A

PORTICO

131
Q

What is a large, open porch, usually roofed and partly enclosed as by a railing often extending across the front and sides of a house?

A

VERANDA

132
Q

what is a veranda, esp. one used as a living room?

A

LANAI

133
Q

What is a series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure?

A

COLONNADE

134
Q

what is a courtyard before the entrance to a bldg or group of bldgs?

A

FORECOURT

135
Q

What is a vehicular passageway leading through a bldg or screen wall into an interior courtyard?

A

PORTE COCHERE

136
Q

What is a private or side entrance, as one for pedestrians next to a porte cochere?

A

POSTERN

137
Q

What is a porch projecting over a driveway at the entrance to a bldg and sheltering those getting on or out of vehicles?

A

PORTE COCHERE
or
CARRIAGE PORCH

138
Q

What is an open, often paved area connected to a house or bldg and serving as an outdoor living area?

A

TERRACE

139
Q

What is an open, unroofed porch or platform extending from a house or other bldg?

A

DECK

140
Q

What is a doorway, gate, or entrance, esp an imposing one emphasized by size and stately architectural treatment?

A

PORTAL

141
Q

What is a round, domed bldg, or a large and high circular space in such a bldg, esp. one surmounted by a dome?

A

ROTUNDA

142
Q

What is a bldg or structure high in proportion to its lateral dimensions, either standing alone or forming part of a larger bldg ?

A

TOWER

143
Q

what is a large bldg divided into a number of separate apartments, offices, or shops?

A

BLOCK

144
Q

What is a rectangular bldg having little width with respect to its length and height?

A

SLAB

145
Q

What is any of a series of columns supporting a bldg above an open ground level?

A

PILOTI

146
Q

What is a part of a bldg projecting from and subordinate to a central or main part?

A

WING

147
Q

What is a wing at right angles to the length of a bldg ?

A

ELL or EL

148
Q

What is an area open to the sky and mostly or entirely surrounded by walls or bldgs?

A

COURT

149
Q

What is a court adjacent to or within a bldg, esp one enclosed on all four sides?

A

COURTYARD

150
Q

What is a courtyard, esp. of a house, enclosed by low bldgs, arcades, or walls?

A

PATIO

151
Q

what is a skylit, central court in a bldg, esp. a large interior one having a glass roof and surrounded by several stories of galleries?

A

ATRIUM

152
Q

What is an open, skylit court around which a house or bldg is built?

A

ATRIUM

153
Q

What is a colonnaded or arcaded space within the body of a building but open to the air on one side often at an upper story overlooking an open court

A

LOGGIA

154
Q

What is the principal story of a large building, such as a palace or villa with formal reception and dining rooms, usually one flight above the ground floor?

A

PIANO NOBILE

155
Q

What is a large or principal courtyard of an Italian palazzo?

A

CORTILE

156
Q

What is a large imposing public building or private residence, especially in Italy?

A

PALAZZO

157
Q

Refers to assert or demand recognition or possession

A

CLAIM

158
Q

Refers to face in a specific direction or look out upon

A

FRONT

159
Q

What do you call the position of a building on a site in relation to true north, to points on the compass, the specific place or side feature or the local conditions of sunlight, wind, and drainage ?

A

ORIENTATION

160
Q

Refers to combine, blend, or unite gradually by stages so as to blur identity or distinctions

A

MERGE

161
Q

Refers to enclose or encompass on all sides

A

SURROUND

162
Q

What is a public square open space in a city or town?

A

PLAZA

163
Q

What is an open space or public space in a city or town especially in Italy?

A

PIAZZA

164
Q

What is a square or quadrangular space or court surrounded by a building or buildings as on a college campus?

A

QUADRANGLE

165
Q

What is a section of a street typically in the downtown area of a city from which vehicular traffic is excluded and used as a public walk or promenade?

A

MALL or PEDESTRIAN MALL

166
Q

What is an area used for a stroll or walk especially in a public place as for pleasure or display?

A

PROMENADE

167
Q

What is a boulevard, park, or public garden having a prominent line with shade trees (in Latin America) ?

A

ALAMEDA

168
Q

What is a spacious promenade, court, or indoor mall usually having a vaulted roof and lined with commercial establishments?

A

GALLERIA

169
Q

What is a French term for a broad walk planted with trees?

A

ALLÉE

170
Q

What is a shelter of shrubs and branches or of lattice work intertwined with climbing vines and flowers?

A

ARBOR

171
Q

What is a frame supporting open lattice work used as a screen or a support for growing vines or plants?

A

TRELLIS

172
Q

What is a structure of cross strips arranged to form a regular pattern of open spaces?

A

LATTICE

173
Q

What is a structure of parallel colonnade supporting an open roof of beams and crossing rafters or trelliswork over which climbing plants are trained to grow?

A

PERGOLA

174
Q

What is a whimsical or extravagant structure built to serve as a conversation piece, land interest to a view, or commemorate a person or event found especially in 18th century England?

A

FOLLY

175
Q

What is a small, often ornamental building in a garden?

A

PAVILION

176
Q

What do you call an enclosed garden in Indian architecture?

A

BAGH

177
Q

What is a freestanding roof structure usually open on the sides affording shade and rest in a garden or park?

A

GAZEBO

178
Q

What do you call a building or architectural feature of a building designed and situated to look out upon a pleasing scene?

A

BELVEDERE

179
Q

Refers to clipped or trimmed into ornamental and fantastic shapes or the work or art of such clipping?

A

TOPIARY

180
Q

Refers to an ornamental arrangement of flower beds of different shapes and sizes?

A

PARTERRE

ALE!!! (10 decks)

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