VISUAL DICTIONARY Ill Flashcards
A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism white plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in a kiln.
BRICK
What brick is made for general building purposes and not specially treated for color and texture.
COMMON BRICK
or
BUILDING BRICK
Brick made of special clays for facing a wall, often treated to produce the desired color and surface texture.
FACE BRICK
or
FACING BRICK
A designation indicating the permissible variation in size, color, chippage, and distortion allowed in a facing brick unit
BRICK TYPE
What facing brick is suitable for use where a minimum variation in size, narrow color range, and high degree of mechanical perfection are required?
type FBX
What facing brick is suitable for use where a wider color range and greater variation in size are permitted than for type FBX?
Type FBS
what facing brick is suitable for use where particular effects are desired resulting from nonuniformity in size, color, and texture of the individual units
Type FBA
A designation indicating the durability of a brick unit when exposed to weathering
BRICK GRADE
What brick is suitable for exposure to severe weathering as when in contact with the ground or used on surfaces likely to with water in subfreezing temperatures?
Type SW
what brick is suitable for exposure to moderate weathering, as when used above grade on surfaces unlikely to be permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures?
type MW
What do you call the process of forming brick by molding relatively wet day having a moisture content of 20% to 30%?
SOFT-MUD PROCESS
what brick is formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lined with sand to prevent sticking, producing a matte-textured surface?
SAND-STUCK BRICK
what brick is formed in the soft-mud process with a mold lubricated with water to prevent sticking, producing a smooth, dense surface?
WATER-STRUCK BRICK
what do you call the process of forming brick and structural tile by extruding stiff but plastic day having a moisture content of 12% to 15% through a die and cutting the extrusion to length with wires before firing?
STIFF-MUD PROCESS
What do you call the process of forming brick by molding relatively dry clay having a moisture content of 5% to 7% under high pressure, resulting in Sharp-edged, smooth-surfaced bricks?
DRY-PRESS PROCESS
what do you call the furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying something, esp. one for firing pottery, baking bricks, or drying timber?
KILN
What is a brick or timber a rejected as being inferior in quality?
CULL
What brick is suitable for exposure to negligible weathering, as when used as backup on interior masonry?
type NW
what brick is made of fire clay used for lining furnaces & fireplace?
FIREBRICK
What is a refractory clay used in the making of firebricks, crucibles, and other objects exposed to high temperatures?
FIRE CLAY
A material having the ability to retain its physical shape and chemical identity when subjected to high temperatues
REFRACTORY
What is a dense, hard-burned brick used esp. for paving?
CLINKER
what is a white powdery deposit that forms on an exposed masonry or concrete surface, caused by the learning and crystallization of soluble salts from within the material?
EFFLORESCENCE
The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit when immersed in either cold or boiling water for a stated length of time, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the dry unit
ABSORPTION
The ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit immersed in cold water to the weight absorbed when immersed in boiling water, indicating the probable resistance of the brick to the action of freezing and thawing
SATURATION COEFFICIENT
The weight of water absorbed by a clay masonry unit when partially immersed for 1 minute, expressed in grams or ounces per minute
SUCTION
or
INITIAL RATE OF ABSORPTION
What do you call a brick dimension larger than the actual dimension to account for the thickness of a mortal joint?
NOMINAL DIMENSION
What is any various oversized bricks having nominal dimensions established by the manufacturer?
JUMBO BRICK
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 8 in. (102 x 68 x 203 mm)?
MODULAR BRICK
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2 2/3 x 12 in. (102 x 608 x 305mm)
NORMAN BRICK
What brick has nominal dimensions of 6x2 2/3 x 12 in. (102 x 68 x 305m), it stands for structural clay research and is a trademark of the Brick Institute of America?
SCR brick
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x3 1/5 8 in. (102 X 81 x 203 mm)?
ENGINEERED BRICK
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x3 1/5 x 12in. (102 x 81 x 305mm)?
NORWEGIAN BRICK
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4x2x2 in (102 X 51 X 305mm)?
ROMAN BRICK
What brick has nominal dimensions of 4 x 4 x 8 in. (102 X 102 x 203 mm)?
ECONOMY BRICK
What brick or file has normal face dimensions but a nominal thickness of 2 ?in. (51 min)
SOAP
What brick is cut transversely so as to leave one end whole?
BAT
It means to chip or rub stones or bricks to a certain size or shape
GAUGE
Refers to brick construction esp. the art of bonding bricks effectively
BRICKWORK
Refers to any of various arrangements of masonry units having a regular, recognizable, usually overlapping pattern to increase the strength and enhance the appearance of the construction
BOND
A brickwork or masonry bond composed of overlapping stretchers
RUNNING BOND
or
STRETCHER BOND
A continuous course of soldiers in brickwork
SOLDIER COURSE
A brickwork on masonry bond having successive courses of stretchers with all head joints aligned vertically
STACK BOND
A brickwork or band having a course of headers between every five or six courses of stretchers
COMMON BOND
or
AMERICAN BOND
A masonry unit specially formed or out to finish a course or complete the band at the corner of a wall
CLOSER
or
CLOSURE
A continuous course of stretchers in brickwork
STRETCHING COURSE
A continuous course of headers in brickwork
HEADING COURSE
A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface
STRETCHER
A brick or other masonry unit laid horizontally in a wall me with the shorter and exposed or parallel to the surface
HEADER
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with a shorter end exposed
ROWLOCK
or
ROLLOCK
A brick laid vertically with the longer face edge exposed
SOLDIER
A brick laid vertically with a broad face exposed
SAILOR
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the broad face exposed
SHINER
or
BULL STRETCHER
A continuous course of headers or bondstones overlapping more than one wythe of masonry
BOND COURSE
A brickwork bond having alternate courses of headers and stretchers in which the headers are centered on stretchers and the joints between stretchers line up vertically in all courses
ENGLISH BOND
A brick of half the normal width, used for completing a course or for spacing regular bricks
QUEEN CLOSER
or
QUEEN CLOSURE
A modified English bond in which the head joints in the stretching courses are offset by half the length of the stretcher
ENGLISH CROSS BOND
or
DUTCH BOND
A brickwork bond having alternating headers and stretchers in each course, each header being centered above and below a stretcher
FLEMISH BOND
A three-quarter brick for finishing a course or for spacing regular bricks
KING CLOSER
or KING CLOSURE
A modified Flemish bond having courses of alternate headers and stretchers alternating with stretching courses
FLEMISH CROSS BOND
A brick having a darker end exposed as a header in patterned brickwork
FLARE HEADER
A form of Flemish cross bong in which the courses are offset to form a diamond pattern
FLEMISH DIAGONAL BOND
A brickwork bond for lightly loaded boundary walls, having a sequence of a header and three stretchers in each course, with each header being centered over a header in alternate courses
GARDEN-WALL BOND
What is a relatively permanent enclosed structure constructed over a plot of land for habitable use?
BUILDING
What is a roof with one slope called?
LEAN-TO
What roof has two slopes that rests upon parallel walls and lean against one another meeting in a horizontal ridge at the top?
GABLE
what roof is carried by circular walls?
CONICAL (CONE)
or
DOMICAL (DOME)
what is the inclined line where the roofs intersect if two walls make a projecting angle?
HIP
What is the inclined line of intersection if two walls meet in a reentering angle?
VALLEY
What is the projection called if the roof extends beyond the wall that supports it?
EAVES
What is the projection called if the wall also projects to support the extension of the roof?
CORNICE
What is the principal member of a cornice, which projects like a shell and crowns the wall?
CORONA
what is the projection called when walls are generally made wider just at the bottom so as to get a better bearing on the ground?
BASE
what is the projection called when walls are generally made wider at the top?
CAP
What is a low wall called?
PARAPET
what is a short piece of wall about as long as it is thick?
Post
what is a short piece of wall about as long as it is thick and supports something?
PEDESTAL
What do you call the part between the cap and base of post & pedestal?
DIE
What do you call a tall square post?
PIER
What do you call a tall round post?
COLUMN
What do you call the caps of piers and columns?
CAPITALS
What do you call the part between the cap and base of piers and columns?
SHAFT
What do you call the flat upper member of a capital?
ABACUS
What do you call a beam that spans the space between two piers or columns or between a pier or column and a wall?
ARCHITRAVE
or
EPISTYLE
What do you call the part between the architrave and cornice?
FRIEZE
Architrave + frieze + cornice = ?
ENTABLATURE
what do you call a series of columns?
COLONNADE
What do you call a series of arches?
ARCADE
what is a vertical extension of a building or other construction above the foundation?
SUPERSTRUCTURE
what do you call the exterior framework or walls and roof of a building?
SHELL
What is the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building or other construction?
SUBSTRUCTURE
A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent things or parts forming a complex or unified whole esp. to serve a common purpose
SYSTEM
what constitutes the chief supporting members of a building?
WALL, PIER, and COLUMN
What constitutes the chief part of the load carried by the supporting members?
FRIEZE and CORNICE with the ROOF
these are part of the load relative to what is below them but are supporting members relative to what is above them
ARCHITRAVE, ARCHES, SPANDRELS
What is a building esp. one of large size, massive structure, imposing appearance?
EDIFICE
what is a bldg of exceptional height and many stories, supported by a steel or concrete framework from which the walls are suspended?
SKYSCRAPER
What describes a bldg having a comparatively large number of stories and equipped with elevators?
HIGH-RISE
What is a complete horizontal division of a bldg having continuous or nearly continuous floor and comprising the space between two adjacent levels?
STORY
What describes a bldg having one, too, or three stories and usually no elevator?
LOW-RISE
What describes a bldg having a moderately large number of stories, usually 5 to 10, and equipped with elevators?
MID-RISE
What do you call one of the upper floors of a warehouse or factory, typically unpartitioned and sometimes converted or adapted to other uses, such as living quarters, artist’s studios, or exhibition galleries?
LOFT
A bldg having several floors with large areas of unobstructed space, originally rented out for light industrial purposes and now frequently converted to residential occupancy
LOFT BLDG
What is a room or space directly under the roof of a bldg esp. a house?
ATTIC
what is a usable living space within a sloping roof, usually having dormer windows for lighting?
HALF-STORY
what is an area in a bldg having a clearance less than human height, but accessible by crawling esp. such a space below the first floor that is enclosed by the foundation walls?
CRAWL SPACE
what is a room or set of rooms for the storage of food, fuel, or the like, wholly or partly underground and usually beneath a bldg ?
CELLAR
what is a cellar or other underground place for shelter during violent storms, such as cyclones, tornadoes, or hurricanes.
STORM CELLAR
or
CYCLONE CELLAR
what is a horizontal or inclined door over a stairway giving access to a cellar?
BULKHEAD
what is a continuous supporting surface extending horizontally throughout a bldg, having a number of rooms and constituting one level in the structure?
FLOOR
What is a low or partial story between two main stories of a bldg esp. one that projects as a balcony and forms a composition with the story beneath it?
MEZZANINE
What is the ground floor of bldg? (In Britain, it is the floor immediately above the ground floor)
FIRST FLOOR
what is the floor of a bldg at or nearest to ground level?
GROUND FLOOR
what is a story of a bldg that is wholly or partly below ground level?
BASEMENT
what is any story or floor below the main basement of a bldg?
SUBBASEMENT
what is a sunken area affording access, air, and light to a basement door or window?
AREAWAY
what is the front of a bldg or any of its sides facing a public way or space, esp. one distinguished by its architectural treatments?
FACADE
Refers to a principal facade, or a part or feature of a facade, often treated as a separate element of the design and highlighted by ornamentation
FRONTISPIECE
In French Architecture, a term describing the central element of a bldg as opposed to its subsidiary wings & pavilions.
CORPS DE LOGIS
A projecting subdivision of a facade, usually accented by more elaborate decoration or greater height and distinction of skyline
PAVILION
what is a facade falsifying the size or importance of a bldg?
FALSE FRONT
What is a major horizontal architectural division, as of a facade or the wall of a nave?
STORY
What is any of a number of principal compartments or divisions of a wall, roof, or other part of a bldg marked off by vertical or transverse supports?
BAY
what is a major horizontal division of a wall having no exterior windows?
BLIND STORY
Describes a recess in a wall having the appearance of a window or door, inserted to complete a series of windows or to provide symmetry of design
BLIND
what is an elevated platform projecting from the wall of a bldg and enclosed by a railing or parapet?
BALCONY
What do you call the design, proportioning, and disposition of windows and other exterior openings of a bldg ?
FENESTRATION
What is a raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes having a roof, at the entrance of a house?
STOOP
What is an exterior appendage to a bldg forming a covered approach or vestibule to a doorway?
PORCH
What is a porch having a roof supported by columns often leading to the entrance of a bldg?
PORTICO
What is a large, open porch, usually roofed and partly enclosed as by a railing often extending across the front and sides of a house?
VERANDA
what is a veranda, esp. one used as a living room?
LANAI
What is a series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure?
COLONNADE
what is a courtyard before the entrance to a bldg or group of bldgs?
FORECOURT
What is a vehicular passageway leading through a bldg or screen wall into an interior courtyard?
PORTE COCHERE
What is a private or side entrance, as one for pedestrians next to a porte cochere?
POSTERN
What is a porch projecting over a driveway at the entrance to a bldg and sheltering those getting on or out of vehicles?
PORTE COCHERE
or
CARRIAGE PORCH
What is an open, often paved area connected to a house or bldg and serving as an outdoor living area?
TERRACE
What is an open, unroofed porch or platform extending from a house or other bldg?
DECK
What is a doorway, gate, or entrance, esp an imposing one emphasized by size and stately architectural treatment?
PORTAL
What is a round, domed bldg, or a large and high circular space in such a bldg, esp. one surmounted by a dome?
ROTUNDA
What is a bldg or structure high in proportion to its lateral dimensions, either standing alone or forming part of a larger bldg ?
TOWER
what is a large bldg divided into a number of separate apartments, offices, or shops?
BLOCK
What is a rectangular bldg having little width with respect to its length and height?
SLAB
What is any of a series of columns supporting a bldg above an open ground level?
PILOTI
What is a part of a bldg projecting from and subordinate to a central or main part?
WING
What is a wing at right angles to the length of a bldg ?
ELL or EL
What is an area open to the sky and mostly or entirely surrounded by walls or bldgs?
COURT
What is a court adjacent to or within a bldg, esp one enclosed on all four sides?
COURTYARD
What is a courtyard, esp. of a house, enclosed by low bldgs, arcades, or walls?
PATIO
what is a skylit, central court in a bldg, esp. a large interior one having a glass roof and surrounded by several stories of galleries?
ATRIUM
What is an open, skylit court around which a house or bldg is built?
ATRIUM
What is a colonnaded or arcaded space within the body of a building but open to the air on one side often at an upper story overlooking an open court
LOGGIA
What is the principal story of a large building, such as a palace or villa with formal reception and dining rooms, usually one flight above the ground floor?
PIANO NOBILE
What is a large or principal courtyard of an Italian palazzo?
CORTILE
What is a large imposing public building or private residence, especially in Italy?
PALAZZO
Refers to assert or demand recognition or possession
CLAIM
Refers to face in a specific direction or look out upon
FRONT
What do you call the position of a building on a site in relation to true north, to points on the compass, the specific place or side feature or the local conditions of sunlight, wind, and drainage ?
ORIENTATION
Refers to combine, blend, or unite gradually by stages so as to blur identity or distinctions
MERGE
Refers to enclose or encompass on all sides
SURROUND
What is a public square open space in a city or town?
PLAZA
What is an open space or public space in a city or town especially in Italy?
PIAZZA
What is a square or quadrangular space or court surrounded by a building or buildings as on a college campus?
QUADRANGLE
What is a section of a street typically in the downtown area of a city from which vehicular traffic is excluded and used as a public walk or promenade?
MALL or PEDESTRIAN MALL
What is an area used for a stroll or walk especially in a public place as for pleasure or display?
PROMENADE
What is a boulevard, park, or public garden having a prominent line with shade trees (in Latin America) ?
ALAMEDA
What is a spacious promenade, court, or indoor mall usually having a vaulted roof and lined with commercial establishments?
GALLERIA
What is a French term for a broad walk planted with trees?
ALLÉE
What is a shelter of shrubs and branches or of lattice work intertwined with climbing vines and flowers?
ARBOR
What is a frame supporting open lattice work used as a screen or a support for growing vines or plants?
TRELLIS
What is a structure of cross strips arranged to form a regular pattern of open spaces?
LATTICE
What is a structure of parallel colonnade supporting an open roof of beams and crossing rafters or trelliswork over which climbing plants are trained to grow?
PERGOLA
What is a whimsical or extravagant structure built to serve as a conversation piece, land interest to a view, or commemorate a person or event found especially in 18th century England?
FOLLY
What is a small, often ornamental building in a garden?
PAVILION
What do you call an enclosed garden in Indian architecture?
BAGH
What is a freestanding roof structure usually open on the sides affording shade and rest in a garden or park?
GAZEBO
What do you call a building or architectural feature of a building designed and situated to look out upon a pleasing scene?
BELVEDERE
Refers to clipped or trimmed into ornamental and fantastic shapes or the work or art of such clipping?
TOPIARY
Refers to an ornamental arrangement of flower beds of different shapes and sizes?
PARTERRE
