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ALE!!! > VISUAL DICTIONARY II > Flashcards

VISUAL DICTIONARY II Flashcards

1
Q

A curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to support a vertical load primarily by axial compression

A

ARCH

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2
Q

An arch constructed of individual stone or brick voussoirs.

A

MASONRY ARCH

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3
Q

Any of the wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch or vault, having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers.

A

VOUSSOIR

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4
Q

the first voussoir resting on the impost of an arch

A

SPRINGER

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5
Q

the wedge-shaped, often embellished voussoir at the crown of an arch, serving to lock the voussoir in place

A

KEYSTONE

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6
Q

The height of an arch from the spring line to the highest point of the intrados

A

RISE

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7
Q

The exterior curve, surface, or boundary of the visible face of an arch. Also called back.

A

EXTRADOS

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8
Q

A decorative molding or band on the face of an arch following the curve of the intrados

A

ARCHIVOLT

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9
Q

the inner curve or surface of an arch forming the concave underside

A

INTRADOS

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10
Q

the point at which an arch, vault, or dome rises from its support. Also, springing

A

SPRING

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11
Q

the highest part or point of a convex construction, such as an arch, vault, or roadway

A

CROWN

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12
Q

Either side of an arch curving down from the crown to the impost

A

HAUNCH

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13
Q

the uppermost part of an abutment, often in the form of a block, capital, or molding, from which an arch springs

A

IMPOST

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14
Q

the triangular-shaped sometimes ornamented area between the extrados of two adjoining arches, or between the left or right extrados of an arch and the rectangular framework surrounding it.

A

SPANDREL

Also, spandril

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15
Q

An archway having sides or jambs not at right angles with the face of its abutments.

A

SKEW ARCH

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16
Q

Any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an arch, esp. when each projects beyond the one below

A

ORDER

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17
Q

A crosspiece connecting the ribs in a centering

A

LAG
BOLSTER

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18
Q

A temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch or vault during construction until the work can support itself.

A

CENTERING

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19
Q

A board used as centering for a flat arch, slightly crowned to allow for setting of the arch.

A

CAMBER PIECE
Or
CAMBER SLIP

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20
Q

An arch shaped to develop only axial compression under a given loading. It is subject to bending if the loading pattern changes.

A

FUNICULAR ARCH

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21
Q

the funicular shape for an arch carrying a vertical load uniformly distributed along the length of the arch axis

A

INVERTED CATENARY

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22
Q

the funicular shape for an arch carrying a vertical load uniformly distributed over its horizontal projection

A

PARABOLA

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23
Q

An arched structure of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete, constructed as a rigid body capable of carrying bending stresses

A

RIGID ARCH

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24
Q

the manner in which an arch transforms the vertical forces of a supported load into inclined components and transmits them to abutments on either side of the archway

A

ARCH ACTION

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25
Q

The median line of an arched structure

A

ARCH AXIS

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26
Q

The set of resultants of thrusts and weight each part of an are imposes on the next lower one and must coincide with the arch axis for bending to be eliminated throughout an arch

A

LINE OF THRUST

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27
Q

the outward force or pressure exerted by one part of an arched structure against another

A

THRUST

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28
Q

the thrust of an arched structure on its abutments, proportional to the total load and span, and inversely proportional to the rise

A

DRIFT

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29
Q

A fixed frame structure having an arched form

A

FIXED ARCH

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30
Q

A two-hinged frame structure having an arched form

A

TWO-HINGED ARCH

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31
Q

A three-hinged frame structure having an arched form

A

THREE-HINGED ARCH

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32
Q

The part of a structure receiving and supporting the thrust of an arch, vault, or strut

A

ABUTMENT

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33
Q

An iron or steel rod serving as a structural tie especially one keeping the lower ends of an arch or frame from spreading

A

TIE ROD

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34
Q

An arch having a horizontal intrados with voussoirs radiating from a center below often built with a slight camber to allow for settling

A

FLAT ARCH

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35
Q

A flat arch having voussoirs inclined to the same angle on each side of the center

A

FRENCH ARCH

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36
Q

An arch having a continuously curved intrados especially a semicircular one

A

ROUND ARCH

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37
Q

An arch having a semicircular intrados

A

ROMAN ARCH

38
Q

An arch struck from one or more centers below the springing line

A

SEGMENTAL ARCH

39
Q

A stone or course of masonry having a sloping face against which the end of a segmental arch rests

A

SKEWBACK

40
Q

A primitive form of arch consisting of two stones laid diagonally to support each other over an opening

A

TRIANGULAR ARCH

41
Q

A false arch constructed by corbelling courses from each side of an opening until they meet at the midpoint where a capstone is laid to complete the work. The step reveals maybe smoothed but no arch action is effected.

A

CORBEL ARCH

42
Q

An arch having one impost higher than the other

A

RAMPANT ARCH

43
Q

An arch resting on imposts treated as downward continuations of the archivolt

A

STILTED ARCH

44
Q

A round arch resting on two large corbels with curved faces

A

BELL ARCH

45
Q

An arch having an intrados that widens above the springing before narrowing to a rounded crown

A

HORSESHOE ARCH
MOORISH ARCH

46
Q

An arch having a cusped intrados with three round or pointed foils

A

TREFOIL ARCH

47
Q

A three-centered arch having a crown with a radius much greater than that of the outer pair of curves

A

BASKET-HANDLE ARCH
ANSE DE PANIER

48
Q

An arch having a pointed crown

A

POINTED ARCH

49
Q

A pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the span

A

EQUILATERAL ARCH
GOTHIC ARCH

50
Q

A pointed arch having two centers and radii greater than the span

A

LANCET ARCH

51
Q

A pointed arch having two centers and radii less than the span

A

DROP ARCH

52
Q

A four-centered arch having an inner pair of curves with a radius much greater than that of the outer pair

A

TUDOR ARCH

53
Q

An arch having a rise of less than half the span

A

SURBASED ARCH

54
Q

A pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve with the concave side uppermost

A

OGEE ARCH

55
Q

A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements

A

BEAM

56
Q

The extent of space between two supports of a structure. Also, the structure so supported

A

SPAN

57
Q

the distance between the inner faces of the supports of a span

A

CLEAR SPAN

58
Q

the center-to-center distance between the supports of a span

A

EFFECTIVE SPAN

59
Q

An external moment tending to cause part of a structure to rotate or bend, equal to the algebraic sum of the moments about the neutral axis of the section under consideration

A

BENDING MOMENT

60
Q

An internal moment equal and opposite to a bending moment, generated by a force couple to maintain equilibrium of the section being considered

A

RESISTING MOMENT

61
Q

The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates from a true course under transverse loading, increasing with load and span, and decreasing with an increase in the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material

A

DEFLECTION

62
Q

A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder, or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection

A

CAMBER

63
Q

An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending, along which no bending stresses occur

A

NEUTRAL AXIS

64
Q

A combination of compressive and tensile stresses developed at a cross section of a structural member to resist a transverse force, having a maximum value at the surface furthest from the neutral axis

A

BENDING STRESS

65
Q

A shear force at a cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending equal to the algebraic sum of transverse forces on one side of the section

A

TRANSVERSE SHEAR

66
Q

The shearing stress developed along a cross section of a beam to resist transverse shear, having a maximum value at the neutral axis and decreasing nonlinearly toward the outer faces

A

VERTICAL SHEARING STRESS

67
Q

the shearing stress developed to prevent slippage along horizontal planes of a beam under transverse loading, equal at any point to the vertical shearing stress at that point.

A

HORIZONTAL SHEARING STRESS
Or
LONGITUDINAL SHEARING STRESS

68
Q

A formula defining the relationship between bending moment, bending stress, and the cross-sectional properties of a beam. Bending stress is directly proportional to bending moment and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of a beam section

A

FLEXURE FORMULA

69
Q

It is a geometric property that indicates how the cross-sectional area of a structural member is distributed and does not reflect the intrinsic physical properties of a material

A

MOMENT OF INERTIA

70
Q

the buckling of a structural member induced by compressive stresses acting on a slender portion insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction

A

LATERAL BUCKLING

71
Q

At which part of the beam where only bending stresses exist?

A

at the extreme surfaces of a beam

72
Q

At which part of the beam where only shear stresses exist?

A

at the neutral axis

73
Q

the tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the interaction of bending and shear stresses at a cross section of a beam

A

PRINCIPAL STRESSES

74
Q

the point in the cross-sectional plane of a structural member through which a transverse load must pass in order to prevent torsion or twisting of the member about a longitudinal axis

A

SHEAR CENTER

75
Q

A beam resting on simple supports at both ends, which are free to rotate and have no moment resistance. AS with any statically determinate structure, the values of all reactions, shears, and moments for a simple beam are independent of its cross-sectional shape and material

A

SIMPLE BEAM

76
Q

A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end

A

CANTILEVER BEAM

77
Q

A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of the external shears present in a structure for a given set of transverse loads and support conditions

A

SHEAR DIAGRAM

78
Q

A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moments present in a structure for a given set of transverse loads and support conditions. the overall deflected shape of a structure subject to bending can often be inferred from the shape of its moment diagram

A

MOMENT DIAGRAM

79
Q

A beam or other rigid structural member extending beyond a fulcrum and supported by a balancing member or a downward force behind the fulcrum

A

CANTILEVER

80
Q

A simple beam extending beyond one of its supports. The overhang reduces the positive moment at midspan while developing a negative moment at the base of the cantilever over the support

A

OVERHANGING BEAM

81
Q

A simple beam extending beyond both of its supports

A

DOUBLE OVERHANGING BEAM

82
Q

A net resultant of shear forces that acts vertically upward on the left part of the structure being considered

A

POSITIVE SHEAR

83
Q

A net resultant shear forces that acts vertically downward on the left part of the structure being considered

A

NEGATIVE SHEAR

84
Q

A bending moment that produces a concave curvature at a section of a structure

A

POSITIVE MOMENT

85
Q

A point at which a structure changes curvature from convex to concave or vice versa as it deflects under transverse load; theoretically, an internal hinge and therefore a point of zero moment

A

INFLECTION POINT

86
Q

A bending moment that produces a convex curvature at a section of a structure

A

NEGATIVE MOMENT

87
Q

the part of a beam that is thickened or deepened to develop greater moment resistance. The efficiency of a beam can be increased by shaping its length in response to the moment and shear values, which typically vary along its longitudinal axis

A

HAUNCH

88
Q

A beam having both ends restrained against translation and rotation.

A

FIXED-END BEAM

89
Q

A beam extending over more than two supports in order to develop greater rigidity and smaller moments than a series of multiple beams having similar spans and loading.

A

CONTINUOUS BEAM

90
Q

the distance between inflection points in the span of a fixed-end or continuous beam, equivalent in nature to the actual length of a simply supported beam

A

EFFECTIVE LENGTH

91
Q

A simple beam supported by the cantilevers of two adjoining spans with pinned construction joints at points zero moment

A

SUSPENDED SPAN
or
HUNG-SPAN

ALE!!! (10 decks)

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