Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCH 367 > Visual Attention > Flashcards

Visual Attention Flashcards

1
Q

What is attention?

A

The process which results in certain sensory information being selectively processed over other information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is overt attention?

A

When you move your eyes from one place to another to focus on a particular object or location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is covert attention?

A

When you shift your attention without moving your eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was Cherry’s listening experiment?

A

Used dichotic listening to present stimuli in the left and right ears
Participants had to focus on one ear and repeat what was being said out loud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were the results of Cherry’s listening experiment?

A

Participants could shadow a message in the attended ear but couldn’t report on the other ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is dichotic listening?

A

Presenting different stimuli in the left and right ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is shadowing?

A

Repeating words as they are heard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the cocktail party effect?

A

The ability to focus on one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Broadbend’s model of attention?

A

Messages enter a filtering unit that will then let the attended message be detected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was Michael Posner’s precueing experiment?

A

Does paying covert attention to a location improve a person’s ability to respond to stimuli presented there?
Used precueing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is spatial attention?

A

Attention to a specific location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the precueing method?

A

Participants look at a + in the display
An arrow appears to show which side the stimulus is likely to present on
Press a key as fas as possible when target square was shown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the results of Posner’s precueing experiment?

A

Participants reacted faster in a detection task on valid trials than on invalid trials
Information processing is more effective at the place where attention is directed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Anne Teisman’s feature integration theory?

A

There is a preattentive stage, then a focused attention stage, and then perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was Teisman’s experiment?

A

Participants asked to report identity of black numbers first and then what they saw in each location of the shape
Numbers were correct but not shapes, generally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is illusory conjunction?

A

When features of objects combine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the preattentive stage?

A

Features of an object are analyzed rapidly and un-consiously
Features exist independently of each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the focused attention stage?

A

Attention becomes involved and conscious perception occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is binding?

A

Individual features are combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is visual search?

A

A procedure where we look for an object among a number of other objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a feature search?

A

Look for a target with a single feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a conjunction search?

A

Search for a combination of two or more features
Takes longer than a feature search

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is fixation?

A

When you are scanning a scene and pause briefly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is saccadic eye movement?

A

Rapid, jerky movement from one fixation to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is corollary discharge theory?
Why we don't see a blur when our eyes move Associated with 3 signals
26
What are the 3 signals in corollary discharge theory?
Motor signal Corollary discharge signal Image displacement theory
27
What is the motor signal?
Occurs when a signal to move the eye is sent from the brain to the eye muscles
28
What is the corollary discharge signal?
A copy of the motor signal, so occurs whenever there is a motor signal
29
What is the image displacement signal?
Occurs when an image moves across the retina, as happens when movement of the eye causes the image of stationary scene to sweep across the retina
30
What is the comparator in the corollary discharge theory?
When only a CDS or IDS signal reaches the comparator movement is perceived When both a CDS and IDS signal reaches the comparator then no movement is perceived
31
What does corollary discharge help us with?
Keeping our world stationary as our eyes move and deals with the snapshot problem by helping the brain prepare for what is coming next
32
What is predictive remapping of attention?
Attention begins shifting toward the target just before the eye begins moving toward it The reason we see a stable, coherent scene
33
What is visual salience?
Scene regions that are markedly different from their surroundings, whether is colour, contrast, movement, or orientation
34
What is attentional capture?
Situations in which properties of a stimulus grab attention against one's will
35
What is a saliency map?
Reveals regions which are visually different from the rest of the scene
36
What are scene schemas?
An observer's knowledge about what is contained in typical scenes People will spend more time looking at things that are out of place
37
What is the same-object advantage?
The faster responding that occurs when enhancement spreads within an object
38
What did Carrasco show?
That attention affected the perceived contrast between the alternating light and dark bars where perceived contrast refers to how different the light and dark bars appear
39
What does attention to object increase?
Increases activity in specific areas of the brain
40
What does attention to locations increase?
Increases activity in specific areas of the brain
41
What does attention shift?
Receptive fields
42
What is inattentional blindness?
A stimulus that is presented but not attended is not perceived
43
What is change blindness?
An inability to detect changes in an object or a scene
44
What is spatial neglect?
Lack of attention to objects in a certain visual field (for example, spatial neglect in the left side)
45
What is extinction?
provides insight into attentional processing because it suggests that the unawareness of stimuli on the left is caused by competition from the stimuli on right (or vice versa)
46
What is a selective attention task?
Requires responding to a stimulus while ignoring others
47
What is a divided attention task?
Requires attending to two or more simultaneous stimuli
48
What did Green and Bavelier find?
That action video game players consistently performed better on tests of attention and information processing
49
What do patients with Balint's syndrome experience more of?
Illusory conjunctions, deficit in locating targets in conjunction search
50
What is unilateral neglect?
Deficit in awareness of items on one side of space due to brain damage Cannot reproduce a full image
51
What are some explanations for unilateral neglect?
Problem in disengaging attention from ipsilateral side; cueing helped reduce spatial bias Disruption of balance between hemispheres in directing attention; more stimuli on ipsilateral side hampers attention to contralateral items
52
What was Humphrey's experiment?
Stimuli was 150 apples, some full, some with gaps on either side Task was to cross out all of the complete apples in 5 minutes Participants were people with neglect Results = egocentric and allocentric neglect
53
What is egocentric neglect?
Unaware of one side of space Brain damage was clustered in right anterior cortical regions and subcortical structures Overlooked complete apples on one side of the page
54
What is allocentric neglect?
Unaware of one side of objects Brain damage was in the right posterior cortical regions People were crossing out apples with a gap on one of the sides
55
What is brain damage to the right parietal regions common to?
Egocentric and allocentric neglect
56
What were the implications of Humphrey's study?
Attention may be either location or object based Damage to location = egocentric Damage to object = allocentric Location = better for static scenes Object = better for dynamic scenes
57
What are the implications of inattentional blindness studies?
Not everything presented to our senses is processed Attention is limited Visual encoding must be selective or sparse
58
What is the binding problem?
How are independent, parallel subsystems in vision fused together into a unitary percept?
59
How does convergence address the binding problem?
Neurons coding for different aspects of an object converge on a single neuron detecting that particular combination Grandmother cells No evidence
60
How does temporal synchrony address the binding problem?
Neurons that signal different aspects of the same object fire in synchrony Synchronization does not occur if each assembly is triggered by a different stimulus objects symbolized by population coding Attention may help synchronize neural firing
61
What is spatial configuration search?
Target defined by organization of features eg. find the 5 among 2s

PSYCH 367 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions