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PSYCH 367 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is auditory space?

A

Sounds at different locations that exists allaorund

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2
Q

What is auditory localization?

A

The locating of sound sources in auditory space

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3
Q

What are location cues?

A

Information other than the place on the cochlea to determine location that are created by the way sound interacts with the listener’s head and ear

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4
Q

What are binaural cues?

A

Cues that depend on both ears

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5
Q

What are spectral cues?

A

Depend on just one ear

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6
Q

What are the three dimensions of the location of a sound?

A

Azimuth = extends from left to right
Elevation = extends up and down
Distance

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7
Q

What is the interaural level difference?

A

Based on the difference in the sound pressure level or the sound reaching the two ears
A difference in level between the two ears occurs because the head is a barrier that creates an acoustic shadow that reduces the intensity of sound that reaches the far ear

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8
Q

What is the interaural time difference?

A

The time difference between when a sound reaches the left ear and when it reaches the right ear

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9
Q

What is the cone of confusion?

A

Places of ambiguity where ILD and ITD are the same

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10
Q

What is the Jeffress model of auditory localization?

A

Proposes that neurons are wired so they each receive signals from the two ears

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11
Q

What are coincidence detectors?

A

Only fire when both signals coincide by arriving at the neuron simultaneously

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12
Q

What ITD detectors?

A

Coincidence detectors that each fire best to a particular ITD. They detect ITDS that occur when the sound is coming from a specific location

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13
Q

What is the neural mechanism of binaural localization in mammals?

A

Based on broadly tuned neurons
Population code because the ITD is determined by the firing of many broadly tuned neurons working together

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14
Q

What is necessary for accurate localization of sounds in space?

A

An intact auditory cortex

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15
Q

What is the anterior belt area?

A

Involved in perceiving complex sounds and patterns of sound

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16
Q

What is the posterior belt area?

A

Involved in localizing sounds

17
Q

What is the what auditory pathway?

A

Extends from the anterior belt to the front of the temporal lobe and then to the frontal cortex
Associated with perceiving sounds

18
Q

What is the where pathway?

A

Extends from the posterior belt to the parietal lobe and then to the frontal cortex
Associated with locating sounds

19
Q

What is direct sound?

A

Sound that reaches your ears directly

20
Q

What is indirect sound?

A

Sound that reaches your ears after bouncing off of surfaces

21
Q

What is the precedence effect?

A

A single sound appears to originate from near the lead speaker
We perceive the sound as coming from near the source that reaches are ears first

22
Q

What is architectural acoustics?

A

The study of how sounds are reflected in rooms
Concerned with how indirect sound changes the quality of sounds we hear in rooms

23
Q

What is reverberation time?

A

The time it takes for the sound to decrease to 1/1000 of its original pressure

24
Q

What is intimacy time?

A

The time between when sound arrives directly from the stage and when the first reflection arrives

25
Q

What is the bass ratio?

A

The ratio of low frequencies to middle frequencies that are reflected from walls and other surfaces

26
Q

What is the spaciousness factor?

A

The fraction of all of the sound received by a listener that is indirect sound

27
Q

How do we analyze auditory scenes with simultaneous grouping?

A

Location
Onset synchrony
Timbre and pitch
Harmonicity

28
Q

Why is onset synchrony a strong cue for segregation?

A

If two sounds start at different times, they likely came from different sources

29
Q

How do we analyze auditory scenes with sequential grouping?

A

Similarity of pitch
Auditory continuity
Experience

30
Q

What is auditory stream segregation?

A

The percept of a string of sounds as belonging together

31
Q

What is auditory continuity?

A

Sounds that stay constant of that change smoothly are often produced by the same source

32
Q

What is a melody schema?

A

A representation of a familiar melody that is stored in a person’s memory

33
Q

What is the ventriloquism effect (visual capture)?

A

Vision dominating hearing
Occurs when sounds coming from one place appear to come from another place

34
Q

What is the two-flash illusion?

A

When a single dot is flashed onto a screen a single beep happens at the same time, only one flash is perceived.
If a single dot is accompanied by two beeps, there the participant will see two flashes

35
Q

What is lipreading?

A

Watching lip movement to better understand what someone is saying

PSYCH 367 (27 decks)

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