Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCH 367 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cue approach to depth perception?

A

Focuses on identifying information in the retinal image that is correlated with depth in the scene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is occlusion?

A

A cue that one object is in front of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three major groups of depth cues?

A

Oculomotor
Monocular
Binocular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are oculomotor cues?

A

Cues based on our ability to sense the position of our eyes and the tension in our eye muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are monocular cues?

A

Cues based on the visual information available within one eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are binocular cues?

A

Cues that depend on visual information within both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are oculomotor cues created by?

A

Convergence and accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is convergence?

A

The inward movement of the eyes that occurs when we look at nearby objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is accommodation?

A

The change in the shape of the lens that occurs when we focus on objects at various distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do monocular cues only work with?

A

One eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of cues do monocular cues include?

A

Accommodation
Pictorial cues
Movement-based cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are pictorial cues?

A

Sources of depth information that can be depicted in a picture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is relative height?

A

Objects closer to the horizon are usually seen ad being more distant
Being higher in the field of view causes objects on the ground to appear father away, being lower in the field of view causes objects in the sky to appear farther away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is familiar size?

A

When we judge distance based on our prior knowledge of the sizes of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is relative size?

A

When two objects are known to be of equal physical size, the one that is farther away will take up less of your field of view than one that is closer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is perspective convergence?

A

When things appear to converge in the distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The further an object is away, the more air and particles we have to look through
Distant objects appear less sharp and sometimes have a blue tint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is texture gradient?

A

When a number of similar objects are equally spaced throughout a scene
Results in a perception of depth, with elements seen as being spaced more closely being perceived as further

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are shadows?

A

Decreases in light intensity caused by the blockage of light, provides information regarding the locations of these objects
Enhances the three-dimensionality of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are motion-produced cues?

A

Motion parallax
Deletion and accretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is motion parallax?

A

Occurs when, as we move, nearby objects appear to glide rapidly past us, but more distant objects appear to move more slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the applications of motion parallax?

A

Important source of depth information for animals
Enable mechanical robots to determine how far they are from obstacles
Used to create an impression of depth in video games

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are decretion and accretion?

A

As an observer moves sideways, some things become covered and others become uncovered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is stereoscopic depth perception?

A

Depth perception created by input from both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is binocular vision?
Cues that depend on visual input from both eyes
26
What is strabismus?
Misalignment of the eyes The visual system suppresses vision in one of the eyes to avoid double vision = sees the world with only one eye at a time
27
What is binocular disparity?
The difference in the images on the left and right retinas, is the basis of stereroscopic vision
28
What are corresponding retinal points?
Points on the retina that would overlap if the eyes were superimposed on each other
29
What is a horopter?
Objects that fall on corresponding points are located on a surface called the horopter
30
What are noncorresponding points?
The images of objects that are not on the horopter
31
What is absolute disparity?
The degree to which an image deviates from falling on corresponding points
32
What is the angle of disparity?
The amount of absolute disparity
33
What is crossed disparity?
The pattern of disparity where the left eye sees and object to the right of the observer's fixation point and the right eyes sees that same object to the left of the fixation point
34
When does crossed disparity occur?
Whenever an object is closer to the observer than where the observer is looking
35
What is uncrossed disparity?
The pattern of disparity where the left eye sees an object to the left of the observer's fixation point and the right eyes sees the same object to the right of the fixation point
36
When does uncrossed disparity occur?
Whenever an object is behind the horopter
37
What is relative disparity?
Related to how we judge the distance between two objects
38
What does the angle of disparity provide information about?
An object's distance from the horopter
39
What is stereopsis?
The impression of depth that results from information provided by binocular disparity
40
What is the random-dot stereogram?
Used to isolate disparity information from other depth cues Two random dot patterns are shown from a computer generating two identical random-dot patterns and then shifting a square shaped section of the dots one more units to the side
41
What is a stereoscope?
A device that uses two lenses to focus the left image on the left eye and the right image on the right eye
42
What is the correspondence problem?
How does the visual system match the parts of images in the left and right eyes that correspond to each other
43
What are some solutions to the correspondence problem?
Matching the images on the left and right retinas on the basis of the specific features of the objects
44
What are binocular depth cells/disparity selective cells?
Respond best when stimuli presented to the left and right eyes create a specific amount of disparity
45
What is a disparity tuning curve?
A function of firing rate over disparity in degrees
46
What are disparity-selective neurons responsible for?
Stereopsis
47
What are frontal eyes?
Results in overlapping fields of view that can use disparity to perceive depth Must have this for binocular disparity
48
What are lateral eyes?
Have much less overlap and therefore can only use disparity in the small area of the overlap to perceive depth By sacrificing binocular disparity, they gain a wider field of view
49
What can our ability to perceive an object's size be drastically affect by?
Our ability to perceive the object's distance
50
What is visual angle?
The angle of an object relative to the observer's eye Tells us how large the object will be on the back of the eye
51
What is size constancy?
Our perception of an object's size is relatively constant even when we view it from different distances
52
What is size-distance scaling?
Takes an object's distance into account S=K(RxD) As a person walks away from you, the size of the person's image on your retina gets smaller but your perception of the person's distance gets larger
53
What is Emmert's law?
The relationship between the apparent distance of the afterimage and its perceived size The further away the after image, the larger it seems
54
What is the muller-lyer illusion?
One line appears to be longer than the other due to angle fins when in reality they are the same length
55
What is misapplied size constancy scaling?
Size constancy typically helps us maintain a stable perception of objects by taking distance into account. Causes lines to appear to be at different distances
56
What is conflicting cues theory?
Our perception of line length depends on two cues -the actual length of the vertical lines -the overall length of the figure
57
What is the Ponzo illusion?
The top animal appears further away because the depth information provided makes the top animal appear further away Scaling mechanisms corrects for apparently increased depth
58
What is the Ames room?
Cause two people of equal size to appear very different in size
59
What is the moon illusion?
When the moon is on the horizon it appears much larger than when it is high in the sky
60
What is apparent distance theory?
Moon illusion has to do with the perceived distance of the moon The moon on the horizon looks more distant than up high in the sky
61
What is angular size constancy?
The high in the sky moon appears smaller because the large expanse of sky surrounding it makes it appear smaller by comparison

PSYCH 367 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions