Visual and Sensory Flashcards
cataracts
clouding of the lens
- gradual
- painless
- can lead to blindness
risk factors of cataracts
- older age
- eye trauma
- congenital risk
- diabetes
- corticosteroid use
- smoking and alc consumption
cataract manifestations
- painless
- uni or bi lateral changes
- blurry
- halo around lights
- altered colored perception
- glare at night
- dec accommodation
how do cataracts affect vision
- cloudiness scatters the light and prevents the ability to have a crisp focus
retinopathy
damage to the bv of the retina
types of retinopathy
- diabetic
- HTNsive
types of diabetic retinopathy
- nonproliferative
- proliferative
non proliferative retinopathy
capillary micro aneurysms retinal swelling and hard exudate causes macular edema which leads to capillary rupture and eventually dot or blot hemorrhaging
macular edema
plasma leaking from macular bv
proliferative retinopathy
advanced retinopathy caused by new bv that are fragile and leaky
HTNsive retinopathy
high bp creates blockage in retinal bv
- initially no vision change
- sustained HTN can cause sudden visual loss related to swelling of optic disc and nerve
treatment of HTNsive retinopathy
treat the HTN
detached retina
retina has tear or leak that allows vitreous humor to flow behind the retina causing
- rapid and progressive detachment from the colloid
- usually spontaneous
risk factors/causes of detached retina
- myopia
- over 40
- trauma to head
- eye tumor
- complication or hx of cataract surgery
clinical manifestations of detached retina
- sudden, unilateral vision loss
- painless
- may see floaters
- flashed of light
macular degeneration
retinal aging causing blurring of central vision
- most common irreversible vision loss in people over 60
types of macular degeneration
- dry (no exudate), common
- wet (exudate), less common