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NUE 325: Pathopharm I > Intro: pharmacology and pathophysiology > Flashcards

Intro: pharmacology and pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacology

A

study of biological effects of drugs on the body that are introduced to promote change

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2
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what happens to the drugs in the body

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3
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

what the drugs do in the body
- mechanisms of action
- effects on the body

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4
Q

chemical name

A

long and complex, often used in research

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5
Q

trade name

A

brand name that is easier to remember
- many names
- always upper case

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6
Q

generic name

A

official name of the drug
- only 1 name for this
- always lower case

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7
Q

prototype

A

typically the first drug that represents a group or classification of medication
- new drugs compared to prototype (side effects and effectiveness)
- ex: tylenol is the proto for acetaminophen

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8
Q

therapeutic effect

A

the intended effects of the drugs
- ex: fever reduction

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9
Q

side effects

A

unavoidable but unintended effects

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10
Q

toxicities

A

harmful effects
- often related to the amount of drug in the system

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11
Q

adverse effects

A

unexpected reactions that are unintended
- very similar to side effects

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12
Q

allergic rxn

A

unexpected response by the immune system

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13
Q

know for each medication

A

name: trade and generic
classification: group of meds that work similarly
MOA: how it works in the body
indication: why are we giving this drug
common/serious adverse effects
contraindications: why shouldn’t we give drug
nursing indications: what do worry about before passing this med

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14
Q

what is the FDA

A

food and drug administration, approve drugs

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15
Q

preclinical trials

A

tested on lab animals

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16
Q

phase I studies

A

testing on healthy human volunteers

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17
Q

phase II studies

A

testing on pt who have the disease

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18
Q

phase III studies

A

testing with a vast clinical market, prescribers inform of vast effects

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19
Q

phase IV studies

A

continued evaluation by the FDA
- essentially available to everyone

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20
Q

what is a controlled substance

A

a drug or substance that is regulated because its risk of abuse

21
Q

schedule I

A

not approved for medical use, no reason to prescribe

22
Q

schedule 2

A

used medically, but high potential for abuse like narcotics (opioids)
- no refills allowed
- ex: oxy

23
Q

schedule 3

A

less potential for abuse, non barbiturates sedatives
- lortab

24
Q

schedule 4

A

some potential for abuse, primary sedatives
- anti-anxiety meds like xanax

25
Q

schedule 5

A

low potential for abuse, medications containing small amount of narcotics
- cough suppressants with codeine

26
Q

over the counter (OTC)

A

consumers must be able to diagnose own condition and monitor effectiveness easily

27
Q

prescription strength OTC

A

same drug available OTC, but higher dose

28
Q

dietart and herbal supplements

A

claims on body structure and function, BUT no claims to medical function/condition
- FDA does not regulate production, but post market
- label restrictions
- lack a scientific explanation of how they work

29
Q

why is it important for nurses to know what herbal supplements a pt takes

A

some herbals can increase toxicity of prescribed meds OR decrease therapeutic effects

30
Q

teratogens

A

substances that cause congenital malformations in developing fetuses like alcohol

31
Q

types of teratogens

A
  • category A: safe for fetus
  • category B: lack of studies to show benefit/risk
  • category C: no human studies, animals studies indicate possible risk, talk with OB
  • category D: drugs have possible risk on fetus, talk with OB
  • category X: drugs have known risk, benefits of drugs do not outweigh risks to fetus
32
Q

pharamogenomics

A

study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs
- combines pharmacology with genomics to develop safe, effective meds and doses tailored to a person’s genetic makeup

33
Q

pathophysiology

A

study of disease/injury and changes of physiology in the body
- pathology: laboratory study of cells and tissue
- patho: abnormal processes that are causing the body to be disrupted

34
Q

disease

A

disruption in homeostasis (physical, mental, social)

35
Q

homeostasis

A

no disease, maintaining equilibrium, steady state of internal chemical and physical conditions
- homeo: same
- statsis: balance
- body functions best when in normal ranges

36
Q

causes of disease

A

intrinsic and extrinsic factors
- intrinsic: something wrong inside the body that can lead to disease (autoimmune)
— genes, immunity, age, gender
- extrinsic: factors outside the body that can lead to disease (bacteria)
— microorganisms, injury, behaviors (smoking), stressors

37
Q

process of disease

A

identification: signs and symptoms
occurrence: how often, when
diagnosis: identification
etiology: cause
prognosis: likelihood of recovery

38
Q

stages of disease

A

exposure: where did they get it
onset: sudden, insidious, latent, prodromal, manifestations (signs, symptoms)
remission: disease no longer active
convalescence: are they back to baseline

39
Q

types of diseases

A

-idiopathic: unknown cause, can’t identify
-iatrogenic: caused by the medical field
-exacerbation: worsening/decline of disease

40
Q

hypo__

A

under, below

41
Q

hyper__

A

above, over

42
Q

__penia

A

lack of, deficiency

43
Q

__cytosis

A

refers to cells, increase

44
Q

__osis

A
  • process or condition
  • production or increase
  • invasion or infection
45
Q

__itis

A

inflammation

46
Q

__pathy

A

disease or suffering

47
Q

what are symptoms used for?

A

to identify disease

48
Q

what do we ask about a cough?

A

-productive
-color
-blood
-think/thin
-when
-acute/chronic
-allergies
-medications
-heart and lung problems?

49
Q

other common symptoms

A

-pain
-headache
-swelling/edema
-fever
-fatigue
- weight loss

NUE 325: Pathopharm I (23 decks)

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