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NUE 325: Pathopharm I > Intro: pharmacology and pathophysiology > Flashcards

Intro: pharmacology and pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacology

A

study of biological effects of drugs on the body that are introduced to promote change

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2
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what happens to the drugs in the body

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3
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

what the drugs do in the body
- mechanisms of action
- effects on the body

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4
Q

chemical name

A

long and complex, often used in research

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5
Q

trade name

A

brand name that is easier to remember
- many names
- always upper case

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6
Q

generic name

A

official name of the drug
- only 1 name for this
- always lower case

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7
Q

prototype

A

typically the first drug that represents a group or classification of medication
- new drugs compared to prototype (side effects and effectiveness)
- ex: tylenol is the proto for acetaminophen

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8
Q

therapeutic effect

A

the intended effects of the drugs
- ex: fever reduction

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9
Q

side effects

A

unavoidable but unintended effects

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10
Q

toxicities

A

harmful effects
- often related to the amount of drug in the system

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11
Q

adverse effects

A

unexpected reactions that are unintended
- very similar to side effects

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12
Q

allergic rxn

A

unexpected response by the immune system

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13
Q

know for each medication

A

name: trade and generic
classification: group of meds that work similarly
MOA: how it works in the body
indication: why are we giving this drug
common/serious adverse effects
contraindications: why shouldn’t we give drug
nursing indications: what do worry about before passing this med

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14
Q

what is the FDA

A

food and drug administration, approve drugs

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15
Q

preclinical trials

A

tested on lab animals

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16
Q

phase I studies

A

testing on healthy human volunteers

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17
Q

phase II studies

A

testing on pt who have the disease

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18
Q

phase III studies

A

testing with a vast clinical market, prescribers inform of vast effects

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19
Q

phase IV studies

A

continued evaluation by the FDA
- essentially available to everyone

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20
Q

what is a controlled substance

A

a drug or substance that is regulated because its risk of abuse

21
Q

schedule I

A

not approved for medical use, no reason to prescribe

22
Q

schedule 2

A

used medically, but high potential for abuse like narcotics (opioids)
- no refills allowed
- ex: oxy

23
Q

schedule 3

A

less potential for abuse, non barbiturates sedatives
- lortab

24
Q

schedule 4

A

some potential for abuse, primary sedatives
- anti-anxiety meds like xanax

25
schedule 5
low potential for abuse, medications containing small amount of narcotics - cough suppressants with codeine
26
over the counter (OTC)
consumers must be able to diagnose own condition and monitor effectiveness easily
27
prescription strength OTC
same drug available OTC, but higher dose
28
dietart and herbal supplements
claims on body structure and function, BUT no claims to medical function/condition - FDA does not regulate production, but post market - label restrictions - lack a scientific explanation of how they work
29
why is it important for nurses to know what herbal supplements a pt takes
some herbals can increase toxicity of prescribed meds OR decrease therapeutic effects
30
teratogens
substances that cause congenital malformations in developing fetuses like alcohol
31
types of teratogens
- category A: safe for fetus - category B: lack of studies to show benefit/risk - category C: no human studies, animals studies indicate possible risk, talk with OB - category D: drugs have possible risk on fetus, talk with OB - category X: drugs have known risk, benefits of drugs do not outweigh risks to fetus
32
pharamogenomics
study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs - combines pharmacology with genomics to develop safe, effective meds and doses tailored to a person's genetic makeup
33
pathophysiology
study of disease/injury and changes of physiology in the body - pathology: laboratory study of cells and tissue - patho: abnormal processes that are causing the body to be disrupted
34
disease
disruption in homeostasis (physical, mental, social)
35
homeostasis
no disease, maintaining equilibrium, steady state of internal chemical and physical conditions - homeo: same - statsis: balance - body functions best when in normal ranges
36
causes of disease
intrinsic and extrinsic factors - intrinsic: something wrong inside the body that can lead to disease (autoimmune) --- genes, immunity, age, gender - extrinsic: factors outside the body that can lead to disease (bacteria) --- microorganisms, injury, behaviors (smoking), stressors
37
process of disease
identification: signs and symptoms occurrence: how often, when diagnosis: identification etiology: cause prognosis: likelihood of recovery
38
stages of disease
exposure: where did they get it onset: sudden, insidious, latent, prodromal, manifestations (signs, symptoms) remission: disease no longer active convalescence: are they back to baseline
39
types of diseases
-idiopathic: unknown cause, can't identify -iatrogenic: caused by the medical field -exacerbation: worsening/decline of disease
40
hypo__
under, below
41
hyper__
above, over
42
__penia
lack of, deficiency
43
__cytosis
refers to cells, increase
44
__osis
- process or condition - production or increase - invasion or infection
45
__itis
inflammation
46
__pathy
disease or suffering
47
what are symptoms used for?
to identify disease
48
what do we ask about a cough?
-productive -color -blood -think/thin -when -acute/chronic -allergies -medications -heart and lung problems?
49
other common symptoms
-pain -headache -swelling/edema -fever -fatigue - weight loss

NUE 325: Pathopharm I (23 decks)

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