Hyperlipidemia Flashcards
cholesterol
essential part of the phospholipid bilayer
- building block for estrogen, testosterone, vitamin D, cortisol, bile acid
- insoluble
types of cholesterol
exogenous: 25%, dietary, has some effect on level
endogenous: 75%, manufactured by liver cells
endogenous cholesterol
the pathway that creates cholesterol: hydroymethylglutatyl coenzyme A reductase
uses saturated fat
pathway of cholesterol
- LDL will bind w LDL receptors on liver cells
- LDL coated vesicle processed in lysosome to create cholesterol
what happens if there is excess cholesterol
HMG CoA reductase will be inhibited
LDL receptors synthesis will be inhibited
types of lipids proteins
- HDL-C: high density lipid, good cholesterol
- LDL-C: low density lipid, bad cholesterol
- VLDLs: very low density lipids
elevated levels of __ indicate risk of heart disease
LDLs and VLDLs
hypercholesterolemia
too much cholesterol
- aka: hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia
- know what serum would look like
testing lipid levels
- must fast other wise testing will get screwed up
total cholesterol score
HDL + LDL + triglyceride/5 = total cholesterol score
- good indicator for heart disease and atherosclerosis
broad goals for cholesterol levels
- cholesterol: below 200
- HDL: greater than 60
- LDL: less than 100
- Triglyceride: 40-150
ratio of LDLs
plays a role in ability to eliminate LDL
male: less than 5
female: less than 4.5
familial hypercholesterolemia
defect in LDL receptor in liver cells
- liver cannot efficiently remove LDL from blood resulting in elevated LDL cholesterol in blood
risks of high cholesterol
- age
- family
- smoking
- HTN
- diabetes
- physical inactivity
atherosclerosis
thickening or hardening or bv
- atherosclerotic plaque formation occurs w endothelium injury
- injury causes the endothelium to increase in permeability allowing LDLs to move into vessel wall
