Electrolyte And Blood Meds Flashcards
Sodium bicarbonate treats
Hyponatremia
Sodium bicarbonate MOA
Dissociates to provide bicarbonate ion which neutralizes ion conc and raises blood / urinary pH
- increases Na conc in plasma
Sodium bicarbonate indications
Metabolic acidosis, acid base imbalance, hyponatremia
Sodium bicarbonate se
- edema
- cerebral hemorrhage
- hypernatremia
- lots of electrolyte abnormalities
- metabolic alkalosis
- flatulence with PO
- tetany
- pulmonary edema
- heart failure exacerbation
Sodium bicarbonate nc
-PO: dont give IV —> vesicant, injures bv
- monitor cardiac, ABGs, and electrolytes
- monitor IV patency
- lots of drug interactions
- give 1-3 hrs before or after meals to allow for better absorption
Potassium chloride treats
Hypokalemia
Potassium chloride (KCl) indications
K depletions when dietary measures are inadequate
potassium chloride nc
- oral/liquid: dilute with water or juice to dec GI distress (tastes terrible)
- ALWAYS diluted and NEVER IVP
- IV: diluted and administered slowly
- pts need measurable output
- may cause phlebitis/pain
- IV solutions should not contain more than 40 mEq and rate not larger than 10-20 mEq
Potassium chloride se
- may cause GI ulcer/bleeding
- assess for N/V
- tastes terrible
- no for renal failure bc expected to already have a high K bc already can’t excrete it
- question if pt is on dialysis
Serious affects of KCl
- ventricular fibrillation if undiluted
- never IVP
- usually given in K runs over an hour
Treatment for Hyperkalemia
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate class
Cation ion exchange
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate route
- oral suspension
- oral and rectal powder
- rectal enema
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate indications
Hyperkalemia
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate MOA
Kayexalate binds to K in digestive tract replacing K ion for Na ion
- binds to K and then poop the excess out
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate se
- only use if normal bowel function
- constipation, diarrhea, N/V
- hypokalemia
- Serious: intestinal obstruction or necrosis
D50/insulin indication
Hyperkalemia
D50./insulin MOA
Insulin shifts K into the cell, then use 1 ampule of D50 to prevent hypoglycemia
Magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide MOA
Replaces mg
Magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide indications
Hypomagnesium
- prevent/treat seizures in pre/eclampsia
- treat cardiac rhythm distubances
- constipation (po)
Magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide se
- hypermag—> confusion, sluggish, slow movements, SOB, N, dizziness (low Ca), abnormal heart rhythm
- can burn when given IV
Magnesium oxide
Antacid, can be given for long term low mag
Filgrastim MOA
Promotes proliferation, differentiation, activation of cells that make Granulocytes
Filgrastim indications
Malignancies, chemo induced leukopenia, bone marrow transplant, harvesting hematopoietic stem cells, chronic neutropenia
