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NUE 325: Pathopharm I > Urologic Problems and Drugs > Flashcards

Urologic Problems and Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

common urological problems

A
  • uncomplicated UTI
  • overactive bladder
  • incontinence
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2
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection of the lower urinary tract or bladder
- most common in women due to short urethra, incomplete emptying, irritation

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3
Q

most common bacteria causing UTI

A

e. coli

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4
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine that is NOT causing infection

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5
Q

urethritis

A

infection of the urethra

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6
Q

cystitis

A

infection of the bladder

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7
Q

s/s of UTI

A
  • asymptomatic
  • urgency
  • frequency
  • dysuria
  • hematuria
  • cloudy/foul urine
  • fever/chills/fatigue
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8
Q

diagnosis of UTI

A
  • H&P
  • UA
  • urine culture
  • CBC
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9
Q

treatment of UTI

A
  • antibiotics
  • inc fluids
  • avoid irritants
  • loose cotton clothes
  • frequent urination
  • probiotics
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10
Q

protection against UTI

A
  • acidic urine
  • presence of urea
  • sex specific factors (men have prostatic secretion, women have urethral gland secretions)
  • urine flow is unidirectional (one way valve)
  • immune system
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11
Q

UTI risk factors

A
  • catheterization
  • females (perineal irritation)
  • older age
  • pregnancy
  • sexual activity (spermicide use w diaphragm or condom)
  • urinary obstruction or reflux
  • immobility
  • incontinence
  • dec cognition
  • bad personal hygiene
  • men more likely to have recurrent bc hides deep in prostate
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12
Q

lower UTI clinical manifestations

A

urethritis: dysuria, asymptomatic
cystitis: frequency, urgency, suprapubic discomfort, dysuria
hematuria possible

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13
Q

atypical UTI symptoms children

A
  • fever
  • irritability
  • poor feeding
  • vomiting
  • D
  • ill appearance
  • understand if they are able to verbalize
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14
Q

atypical UTI symptoms elderly

A
  • anxiety
  • confusion
  • lethargy
  • anorexia
  • hx of falling
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15
Q

pharm for lower UTI

A
  • trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
  • ciprofloxacin
  • nitrofurantoin
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16
Q

which drug is used for UTI when ppl have sulfa allergies

A

ciprofloxacin

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17
Q

which drug is used as first line for UTI

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- no sulfa allergies

18
Q

which drug is used for recurrent UTIs

A

nitrofurantoin

19
Q

urinary tract analgesic

A

phenazopyridine

20
Q

phenazopyridine moa

A

local analgesic action
- a dye used in paint

21
Q

phenazopyridine se

A

well tolerated
reddish-orange urine

22
Q

phenazopyridine therapeutic use

A

relief of pain due to UTI

23
Q

manifestations of overactive bladder

A

sudden urge to urinate
may experience urgency incontinence
inc frequency, usually 8 or more times in 24 hrs
nocturia, wake up more than 2 times in the night

24
Q

causes of overactive bladder

A

neurological disorders
DM
UTIs
hormonal changes
tumor/stones
obstructions

25
Q

mirabegron class

A

antispasmatic (urinary)

26
Q

mirabegron moa

A

selectively stimulates beta-3 adrenergic recepetors relaxing bladder smooth muscles

27
Q

mirabegron se

A
  • HTN
  • urinary retention
  • UTI
  • headache
28
Q

mirabegron nc

A

contraindicated for ppl with HTN

29
Q

urinary incontinence

A

involuntary leakage of urine immediately after a sudden sensation to urinate

30
Q

causes of incontinence

A

overactive detrusor muscle that suddenly contracts which inc w age
- bladder infection that irritates bladder lining
- bladder outlet obstruction (enlarged prostate)
- CNS condition
- drugs

31
Q

stress incontinence

A

occurs when urine is involuntarily lost w incs in intra abdominal pressure

32
Q

causes of stress incontinence

A
  • loss of pelvic floor and/or loss of fascial support of bladder and urethra
  • inc intra abdominal pressure caused by sneezing
  • w/out support, changes normal angle btw bladder and urethra
33
Q

risk factors of stress incontinence

A
  • age
  • obesity
  • child birth related trauma
  • pelvic surgery
34
Q

other types of incontinence

A
  • mixed: urge and stress
  • overflow: bladder too full
  • functional: physical and env limitations and inability to get to toilet in time
  • transient: sudden onset that is reversible, related to UTI, constipation, fecal impaction
35
Q

why is urinary incontinence a problem

A
  • can cause inflammation of the skin
  • damage skin vulnerable to infection
  • damp, warm skin is breeding ground for bacteria and fungi
  • areas at risk are genitals, btw buttocks, inner thighs
36
Q

oxybutynin class

A

anti cholinergic

37
Q

oxybutynin moa

A

blocks the action of ACh which activates smooth muscles

38
Q

oxybutynin indications

A

over active bladder
incontinence

39
Q

oxybutynin se

A

dry mouth
constipation

40
Q

oxybutynin nc

A

only PO
- can be found as extended release

NUE 325: Pathopharm I (23 decks)

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