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MCAT Pysch/Soc > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Sclera

A

The thick structural layer that covers the exposed portion of the eye (the white of the eye)

Doesn’t cover the cornea

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2
Q

Choroidal vessels and retinal vessels

A

Blood vessels that supply the eye with nutrients

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3
Q

Retina

A

The innermost layer of the eye - in the back of the eye

Converts incoming photons of light to electrical signals

Part of the CNS & develops as the outgrowth of brain tissue

Detects images

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4
Q

Cornea

A

Where the light passes FIRST through

Gathers and focuses the incoming light

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5
Q

(2) chambers th the front eye is divided into:

A

Anterior chamber

Posterior chamber

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6
Q

Anterior chamber

A

Lies in front of the iris

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7
Q

Posterior chamber

A

Between the iris and the lens

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8
Q

Iris

A

Controls the size of the pupil

Colored part of the eye

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9
Q

The iris has 2 muscles. What are they?

A

Dilator pupillae

Constrictor pupillae

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10
Q

What is the function of the dilator pupillae (muscle in the Iris)?

A

Opens the pupil under sympathetic stimulation

OPENS PUPIL

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11
Q

What is the function of the constrictor pupillae (muscle in the Iris)?

A

Constricts the pupil under parasympathetic stimulation

CLOSES PUPIL

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12
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Produced by the ciliary body

Bathes the front part of the eye before draining into the canal of Schelemm

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13
Q

Lens

A

Helps control the refraction of the incoming light

Located right behind the iris

Held in place by suspensory ligaments connected to the ciliary muscle

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14
Q

As the muscle contracts, it pulls on the ..

A

Suspensory ligaments and changes the shape of the lens

Known as ACCOMODATION

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15
Q

Vitreous

A

Transparent gel that supports the retina

Located behind the lens

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16
Q

Retina contains:

A

Rods and cones

17
Q

Rods

A

Detect light and dark

Function best in reduced light

Can permit night vision

18
Q

Cones

A

Detects colors in 3 forms (short [blue],medium [green], and long [red] wavelengths)

19
Q

Duplicity theory of vision

A

States that the retina contains 2 kinds of photoreceptors: those specialized for light & dark detection and those specialized for color detection

20
Q

Macula

A

Has high concentration of cones

Central section of the retina

Center most point: fovea

21
Q

Fovea

A

Center most point of the macula

Contains only cones

22
Q

As you move away from the fovea…

A

Concentration of cones decease and concentration of rods increase

23
Q

Blind spot

A

Located where the optic nerve leaves the eye

There are no photoreceptors here

24
Q

How do rods and cones connect?

A

Through bipolar cells

25
Q

Bipolar cells synapse with…

A

Ganglion cells which group together to form the optic nerve

26
Q

As the number of receptors that converge through the bipolar neurons onto one ganglion cell increases …

A

The resolution decreases

27
Q

Amacrine and horizontal cells

A

Receives input from multiple retina cells in the same area before the information is passed on to ganglion cells

Important for edge detection as they increase our perception of contrast

28
Q

What is the visual pathway ? (starting from the eye)

A

Optic nerve ➡️ optic chiasm ➡️ optic tracts ➡️ lateral geniculate (LGN) of the thalamus ➡️ visual radiations ➡️ visual cortex

29
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Contains fibers crossing from the nasal side of the retina (temporal visual fields) of both sides

30
Q

Visual radiations run through …

A

Temporal and parietal lobe

31
Q

Visual cortex is in which lobe

A

Occipital

32
Q

Parallel processing

A

The ability to simultaneously analyze and combine information regarding color, shape and motion

This can be compared to our memories to determine what is being viewed

Example : recognizing a moving car very easily from a distance because they are familiar with the usual motions and shapes of cars

33
Q

Parvocellular cells

A

Detect shapes

With high spatial recognition and low temporal resolution

34
Q

Magnocellular cells

A

Detects motion

With low spatial recognition and high temporal resolution

35
Q

Spatial resolution

A

Permit us to see very fine details when thoroughly examine an object

36
Q

Pupil

A

Allows passage of light from anterior to posterior chamber

37
Q

Ciliary body

A

produces aqueous humor, accommodation of lens

38
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

Drains the aqueous humor

39
Q

The eye is used to detect:

A

Light in the form of photons

MCAT Pysch/Soc (27 decks)

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