Consciousness - Altering Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

4 groups of Consciousness - Altering Drugs

A

depressants
stimulants
opiates
hallucinogens

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2
Q

Depressants

A

reduce nervous system activity
results in relaxation and reduced anxiety

common one: alcohol

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3
Q

Alcohol

A

increases activity of GABA receptor (GABA causes hyper polarization of the membrane)

increases Dopamine levels

Affects: logical reasoning and motor skills
-inability to recognize consequences of actions, creating short - sighted view of the world (called alcohol myopia)

Causes: fatigue

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4
Q

Barbiturates

A

anxiety reducing drug
sleep medication

often replaced with benzodiazepines (less prone to overdose)

increases GABA activity (causing a sense of relaxation)
highly addictive

alcohol + barbiturate = coma or death

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5
Q

Alcoholism

A

seen in the lower socioeconomic status (SES)

runs in the family

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6
Q

2 groups under the category of Depressants:

A

Alcohol

Barbiturates & Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Wernicke - Korsakoff Syndrome

A

deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1)

severe impairment with changes in mental status and loss of motor skills

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8
Q

Stimulants

A

causes an increase in arousal in the nervous system

increases the frequency of action potentials

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9
Q

3 groups under the category of Stimulants:

A

Amphetamines
Cocaine
Ecstasy

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10
Q

Amphetamines

A

increases release of domaine, norepinephrine, serotonin (increasing arousal) while decreasing their reuptake

increase of arousal = decrease in appetite = decrease of sleep

increases heart rate, increases BP

can cause stroke or brain damage

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11
Q

Cocaine

A

decreases repute of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

has anesthetic and vasoconstrictive properties
lead to heart attacks and strong

Crack: form of cocaine that can be smoked; quick effects; highly addictive

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12
Q

Ecstasy

A

also known as “E”

hallucinogen + amphetamine
club or rave pill
increases heart rate, increases BP, blurry vision, sweating

increases alertness

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13
Q

Opiates and Opioids

A

Opiates: morphine, codeine
Opioids: oxycodone, hydrocodone, heroin

decreases reaction to pain
overdose can cause death

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14
Q

Heroin

A

Opioid

substitute for morphine
once inject, body metabolizes heroin to morphine

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15
Q

Hallucinogen

A

includes drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD)
interacts with serotonin
increases heart rate and BP, dilated pupils, sweating, increasing blood temperature

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16
Q

Marijuana

A

Cannabis Sativa
Cannabis Indica

Active chemical: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
THC reacts at cannabinoid receptors, glycine receptors and opioid receptors
THC increases GABA activity (causing a sense of relaxation)
THC increases dopamine levels (causing pleasure)

symptoms: red eyes, dry mouth, fatigue, impairment of short term memory, increased heart rate, increased appetite, and lowered blood pressure.

Psychological effects makes marijuana fall into: a stimulant, hallucinogen and a depressant.

17
Q

Drug Addiction

A

related to mesolimbic reward pathway

one of four dopaminergic pathways

18
Q

4 drugs that increases GABA activity in the brain?

A

alcohol
barbiturates
benzodiazepines
marijuana

19
Q

3 drugs that increase dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin activity in the brain?

A

amphetamines
cocaine
ecstasy

20
Q

What are the 3 main structures of the mesolimbic reward pathway? What is this pathway’s primary neurotransmitter?

A

nucleus accumbens, medial forebrain bundle, and ventral segmental area

dopamine.