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MCAT Pysch/Soc > Biology & Brain > Flashcards

Biology & Brain Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine

Hunger and thirst; emotion

Feeding, fighting, flighting , fucking

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2
Q

Lymbic system function

A

Emotion & memory

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3
Q

Basal ganglia function

A

Movement

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4
Q

Cerebral cortex function

A

Complex perceptual, cognitive and behavior processes.

Determining Intelligence
Determining Personality
Motor Function
Planning and Organization
Touch Sensation
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5
Q

Inferior and superior colliculi is found in what major division of the brain and what is the function?

A

In the mid brain

Sensorimotor reflexes

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6
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Helps maintain posture and balance and coordinates body movements

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7
Q

Medulla oblongata function

A

Vital functioning (breathing, digestion)

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8
Q

Reticular formation function

A

Arousal and alertness

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9
Q

Hindbrain

A

Controls balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion and general arousal processes such as sleeping and waking

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10
Q

Hindbrain is also known as

A

Rhombencephalon

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11
Q

Pons

A

Lies in the medulla and contains sensory and motor pathways between the cortex and medulla

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12
Q

Midbrain is also known as

A

Mesencephalon

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13
Q

Midbrain

A

Deals with involuntary reflex responses triggered by visual and auditory stimuli

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14
Q

Forebrain also known as

A

Prosencephalon

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15
Q

Telencephalon forms the:

A

Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system

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16
Q

Diencephalon forms the

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary gland
Pineal gland

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17
Q

Thalamus function

A

Consciousness, sleep and sensory interpretation

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18
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

Noninvasive mapping procedure
Electric activity generated by larger groups of neurons
Electrodes on scalp

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19
Q

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)

A

Noninvasive mapping procedure

Detects broad patterns of neural activity based on blood flor to different parts of the brain

Relies on the assumption that when a specific cognitive function activates certain regions of the brain, the blood flow to those regions increase.

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20
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

The hunger center

Has special receptors to detect when the body needs more food or fluids

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21
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

A

The “satiety center”

Provides signals to stop eating

Brain lesions in this area lead to obesity

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22
Q

Anterior hypothalamus

A

Controls sexual behavior

Can also regulate sleep and body temperature

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23
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Secretes: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

24
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Secretes: melatonin

25
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Found in the middle of the brain

Coordinates muscle movement

26
Q

Destructions of portions in the basal ganglia lead to :

A

Parkinson’s disease

27
Q

Septal nuclei

A

Romario pleasure centers in the brain

Mild stimulation leads to intense pleasure

28
Q

Amygdala

A

Controls fear and aggression

29
Q

Hippocampus

A

Plays a role in learning and memory

Communicates with parts of the Limbic system through an extension called the fornix

30
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Kind of memory loss

Can’t remember long term memories but could remember events that occurred before brain injury

31
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Kind of memory loss

Can’t remember events that happened before brain injury

32
Q

Gyri and Sulci

A

Bumps found on the cortex

33
Q

The cerebral cortex provides _________ to the brain

A

Increased surface area

34
Q

Visual system DOMINANT hemisphere :

A

Letters and words

35
Q

Visual system NONDOMINANT hemisphere :

A

Faces

36
Q

Auditory system DOMINANT hemisphere :

A

Language - related sounds

37
Q

Auditory system NONDOMINANT hemisphere :

A

Music

38
Q

Language DOMINANT hemisphere :

A

Speech, reading, writing, arithmetic

39
Q

Language NONDOMINANT hemisphere :

A

Emotions

40
Q

Movement DOMINANT hemisphere :

A

Complex voluntary movement

41
Q

Spatial processes NONDOMINANT hemisphere :

A

Geometry, sense of direction

42
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Reminds the individual that he or she has something to remember (but does not store an memory traces)

43
Q

Prefrontal cortex communicates with

A

The reticular formation in the brain stem, telling an individual to wake up or to relax

44
Q

Prefrontal lesions

A

A person is more impulsive and in less control of his or her behavior or is depressed

Can make vulgar and inappropriate sexual remarks

45
Q

Frontal lobe contains

A

Association area
Brocas area
Projection area

46
Q

Broca’s area

A

Important for speech production

Usually found in the “dominant” hemisphere - left hemisphere

47
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

Controls executive function, impulse control, long - term planning, motor function and speech production

48
Q

Parental lobe contains

A

The somatosensory cortex

49
Q

Parental lobe function

A

Controls sensations of touch, pressure, temperature and pain; spatial processing; orientation; and manipulation

50
Q

Occipital lobe contains

A

Visual cortex (aka striate cortex)

51
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

Controls visual processing

52
Q

Temporal lobe contains

A

Auditory cortex

Wernicke’s area

53
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Controls sound processing, speech perception, memory and emotion

54
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

2 : left and right

For most people, left hemisphere is the most dominant one

55
Q

Dominant hemisphere

A

Usually the left one

Language
Logic
Math skills

Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area

56
Q

Nondominant hemisphere

A

Usually the right

Intuition
Creativity
Music cognition
Spatial processing

Less prominent role in Language

Interprets language according to its emotional tone

57
Q

what connects both hemispheres of the brain

A

Corpus collosum

MCAT Pysch/Soc (27 decks)

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