Social processes, attitudes and behaviors Flashcards
Social Facilitation
when people perform better on simple tasks in the presence of others
Yorkes - Dodson law of social facilitation
being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at (or simple tasks) and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks (or complex task)
Deindividuation
occurs when individuals are in a group setting
due to the presence of a large group that provides anonymity and causes a loss of individual identity.
example: in group settings, the individual loses his sense of individuality and becomes an anonymous part of a group.
He is most likely to react in a manner inconsistent with his normal self.
Bystander Effect
when people do not intervene to help victims when others are present.
the more people standing by, the less likely any one of those people is to help.
Social Loafing
the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting than individually.
Peer pressure
the social influence placed on individuals by other they consider equals (peers)
identity shift effect
explains the peer pressure phenomenon
conforming to the norm of the group for acceptance
highlights the cognitive dissonance
cognitive dissonance
the simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts or opinions.
this lead stop an internal state of discomfort which may manifest anxiety, fear, anger or confusion.
social interaction
explores the ways in which two or more individuals can both shape each others behavior.
group polarization
describes the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group.
can lead to a riskier and more cautious decision
Similar to choice shift
risky shift
term to describe that group stand to make riskier decisions than individuals alone.
when these group shift toward caution the term used is CHOICE SHIFT
Groupthink
a social phenomenon in which desire for harmony or conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision
illusion of invulnerability
factor that indicates groupthink
the creation of optimism and encouragement of risk - taking
collective rationalization
factor that indicates groupthink
ignoring warnings against the idea of the group
illusion of morality
factor that indicates groupthink
the belief that the groups decisions are morally correct
pressure for conformity
factor that indicates groupthink
the pressure put on anyone in the group who expresses opinions against the group, viewing the opposition as disloyal
self - censorship
factor that indicates groupthink
the withholding of opposing views
illusion of unanimity
factor that indicates groupthink
the false sense of agreement within the group
mindguards
factor that indicates groupthink
the appointment of members to the role of protecting against opposing views
excessive stereotyping
factor that indicates groupthink
the construction for stereotypes against outside opinions
culture
the beliefs, behaviors, actions and characteristics of a group of society of people
passed down from generation to generation
culture shock
when traveling outside of ones own society and having the culture differences to seem dramatic
assimilation
when an individuals or groups behavior and culture begin to resemble that of another group.
can also mean that groups with different culture begin to merge into one