Social Interaction Flashcards
statuses
positions in society that are used to classify individuals
ascribed status
a status that is given involuntarily due to such factors as face, ethnicity, gender and family background.
achieved status
a status that is gained as a result of ones efforts or choices such as being a doctor
master status
the status by which a person is most identified
role
each status has this
a set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who hold the status
role performance
the carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role.
role partner
the person with whom one is interacting
role set
the various roles associated with a status
role conflict
occurs when one has difficult satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously
role strain
difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role.
role exit
the dropping of one identity for another
group
consists of two or more people who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity.
peer group
self selected group formed around similar interests, age and statuses
family group
the group into which an individual is born, adopted married
in-group
one with which an individual identifies
out-group
one with which an individual competes or opposes
reference group
a group to which an individual compares him to herself.
primary groups
those that contain strong, emotional bonds
secondary groups
often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall
Gemeinschaft (community)
a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared believes, ancestry or geography
Gesellschaft (society)
a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal
Groupthink
occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspectives
network
an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups
organizations
bodies of people with a structure and future designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual’s membership within the organization
characteristic institution
basic organization of society
bureaucracy
a rational system of political organization, administration, discipline and control
iron law of oligarchy
states that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group.
McDonaldization
commonly used to refer to a shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability and control in these societies
basic model
states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions which can be understood across cultures.
social construction model
states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions
display rules
unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
cultural syndrome
shared set of beliefs, norms, values and behaviors organized around a central theme as is found among people
impression management
refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies
self disclosure
sharing factual information
managing appearances
using props, appearance, emotional expression or associations to create a positive image
ingratiation
using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
aligning actions
the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior
alter - casting
imposing an identity onto another person
dramaturgical approach
says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience
front stage
where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image
back stage
where the individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image
verbal communication
the conveyance of information through spoken, written or signed words
nonverbal communication
the conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions and gestures
animal communications
takes please not only between nonhuman animals but between humans and other animals as well. Animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents and vocalizations to communicate
