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Clin Med 1 > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

0
Q

Gradual, chronic, painless loss of peripheral vision. Night glares, cloudiness.

A

Cataracts

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1
Q

Components of eye exam for vision loss? (3)

A

confrontational visual fields
pupil reactivity
dilated fundus exam

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2
Q

vision loss, increased cup to disc ratio

A

glaucoma

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3
Q

which glaucoma is painful?

A

acute angle closure glaucoma

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4
Q

floaters, photopsias, curtain-like loss of vision

A

retinal detachment

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5
Q

on physical exam: raised, whitish retina, rather than yellow

A

Retinal detachment

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6
Q

Retinal detachment can be associated with? 2

A

myopia

diabetes

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7
Q

central vision loss

A

macular degeneration

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8
Q

degeneration of photoreceptors and their supporting structures

A

macular degeneration

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9
Q

painless, gradual/acute blurred vision, wavy/distorted vision, central scotoma

A

macular degeneration

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10
Q

central scotoma with debris upon fundoscopic exam

A

Dry macular degeneration

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11
Q

central scotoma w/ neovascularization

A

wet macular degeneration

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12
Q

characteristic sign of dry macular degeneration

A

Drusen bodies on funduscopic exam

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13
Q

acute, painless, total loss of vision

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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14
Q

on exam: no light perception, afferent pupillary defect, white retina, cherry red spot in the macular area

A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

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15
Q

etiology of central retinal artery occlusion

A

embolus- originated elsewhere

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16
Q

acute, variable painless loss of vision

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

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17
Q

variable vision, +/- afferent pupillary defect, “blood and thunder” retinal appearance

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

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18
Q

No symptoms, hx HTN

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

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19
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy fundoscopic findings (multiple)

A

copper wiring (arteriolar narrowing), silver wiring (arteriolar sclerosis)
A:V nicking
cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, other exudates
disc edema

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20
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy tx (2)

A

BP control

refer if vision loss or exudates

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21
Q

non-proliferative/proliferative retinopathy
+
macular edema

A

diabetic retinopathy

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22
Q

hemorrhages, exudates/etc and neovascularization

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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23
Q

traction retinal detachment pathophysiology

A

neovascularization- vessels pull away —> retinal detachment

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24
Q

diabetic retinopathy tx

A

control blood sugar

refer w/ vision loss

25
Q

chronic itching, burning, scratching. Worse in AM. No vision decrease. Erythema, inflammation of the eyelid

A

Blepharitis

26
Q

Blepharitis txs

A

Warm compress
Baby shampoo wash- clean off crusts
Antibiotics/steroids for secondary infection

27
Q

acute onset of pain, swelling. Warm, erythemic, tender. +/- systemic sxs, +/- vision changes

A

cellulitis

28
Q

cellulitis tx

A

systemic abx

29
Q

when to refer for cellulitis?

A

Orbital involvement- EOM involvement, decreased eye movement

30
Q

chronic itching, burning, scratching. “Tired eye”. Vision fluctuation

A

Dry eye

31
Q

dry eye etiology

A

deficient aqueous tear production

32
Q

dry eye tx

A

artificial tears/ointments

In severe cases: topical cyclosporin

33
Q

acute onset, bilateral, itching/burning/general irritation, moderate to severe injection, watery discharge, possible URI sxs, preauricular lymphadenopathy

A

viral conjunctivitis

34
Q

acute onset, unilateral, burning/general irritation, moderate to severe injection, mucopurulent discharge, ~adherent lids

A

bacterial conjunctivitis

35
Q

chronic/seasonal onset, bilateral, itching, mild-moderate injection, stringy/mucoid discharge, chemosis (edema)

A

allergic conjunctivitis

36
Q

viral conjunctivitis tx

A

artificial tears, vasoconstrictors, warm compress

37
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis tx

A

antibiotic drops

38
Q

allergic conjunctivitis tx

A

artificial tears

antihistamine drops

39
Q

components of problem-focused Red Eye exam

A 
visual acuity
tonometry
slit lamp (pen light) exam
40
Q

painless blood in the conjunctiva, no vision effect

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

41
Q

subacute onset of foreign body sensation, pain, inflammation of episcleral/scleral tissue

A

Episcleritis

42
Q

acute onset of pain, foreign body sensation

A

corneal abrasion

43
Q

corneal abrasion tx

A

topical lubricants
topical antibiotics
Never topical anesthetics

44
Q

chemical injury tx

A

Irrigate! and refer quickly

45
Q

acute onset of pain/foreign body sensation w/ associated event. Vision usually unchanged. Foreign body present

A

Corneal foreign body

46
Q

Corneal foreign body tx

A

remove if simple- be careful of causing more damage
lubricant and/or antibiotic drops
refer for follow up

47
Q

acute onset of pain, mucous discharge. Vision decreased. White infiltrate

A

keratitis/corneal ulcer

48
Q

keratitis/corneal ulcer tx

A

topical antibiotics

refer

49
Q

keratitis/corneal ulcer pathophysiology

A

infection of the cornea

50
Q

dendritic pattern on keratitis- etiology & tx

A

HSV, antivirals

never steroids

51
Q

ciliary flush, acute onset photophobia, +/- vision decrease

inflammation of the uveal tissue

A

Iritis/Uvetis

52
Q

Iritis/uveitis tx

A

Refer- never give steroids

53
Q

acute pain, photophobia due to pressure on the iris, +/- vision loss. Layered heme in iris

A

Hyphema

54
Q

Hyphema etiology

A

blood in anterior chamber

55
Q

Hyphema tx

A

eye shield, bed rest.
Control intraocular pressure
Refer

56
Q

which is better: eye shielding or patching?

A

Eye shielding- less risk of increased infection/injury due to fibers or scratching

57
Q

acute decrease in peripheral vision, halos around lights. pain.

A

glaucoma

58
Q

“steamy” cornea, mid-dilated pupil (reacts slowly), circumlimbal injection

A

Glaucoma

59
Q

glaucoma physical exam findings

A

shadowing on penlight exam due to loss of anterior chamber

60
Q

more common form of glaucoma, less painful

& tx

A

open angle glaucoma is less acute, less painful

controlled by medication

Clin Med 1 (18 decks)

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