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Clin Med 1 > PVD & VTE > Flashcards

PVD & VTE Flashcards

0
Q

pallor w/ raised extremity, hair loss on leg/foot, atrophic skin, delayed cap refill, cyanosis

A

PAD

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1
Q

walking impairment, claudication, ischemic rest pain, erectile dysfunction, non-healing wounds could indicate?

A

arterial & venous PVD

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2
Q

Leriche Syndrome (3)

A

decreased femoral pulses
impotence
butt & thigh claudication

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3
Q

amaurosis fugax is associated with?

A

Carotid artery disease

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4
Q

asymptomatic carotid artery disease treatment

A

tx HTN, hyperlipidemia, DM, smoking cessation, aspirin

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5
Q

pain in chest, neck, back

swelling of head, neck, arms

A

thoracic ascending aneurysm

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6
Q

wheezing, SOB, hemoptysis, hoarseness, dysphagia, chest/back pain

A

aortic arch or descending aortic aneurysm

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7
Q

indication for surgery of thoracic aortic aneurysm

A

5-6 cm

4.5-5 cm in Marfan’s

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8
Q

treatment of thoracic aneurysm (5)

A 
B-blockers
Ang II receptor blockers
statins
smoking cessation
BP goal < 140/90
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9
Q

intima tears, blood penetrates into the media, splitting it longitudinally- false channel created

A

aortic dissection

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10
Q

Type A Aortic dissection symptom

A

chest pain

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11
Q

Type B aortic aneurysm symptom

A

Back pain

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12
Q

TX for type A thoracic aortic dissection

A

surgery

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13
Q

tx for type b thoracic aortic dissection

A

reduce BP- B-blockers, then vasodilators

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14
Q

abd pain, pulsatile abd mass, tenderness, hypotension

A

ruptured AAA

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15
Q

AA dissection tx

A

surgery for > 5.5 cm or symptoms of rapid expansion

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16
Q

most common complaint w/ abdominal aortic dissection?

A

back pain

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17
Q

narrowing at bifurcation, presents w/ chronic lower limb ischemia

A

Aorto-Iliac Occlusive Disease

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18
Q

typical aorto-iliac occlusive disease pt?

A

younger, female, smoker, hyperlipidemia, small infrarenal aorta

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19
Q

TX for aorto-iliac occlusive disease

A

aortic bypass surgery, endovascular angioplasty w/ or w/o stenting

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20
Q

venous thrombosis, varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency

A

peripheral venous disease

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21
Q

commonly seen after reperfusion of ischemic limb, typically calf
compression of nerves, veins, and arterial inflow

A

Compartment syndrome

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22
Q

Tx for arterial disease (4)

A

walking
cholesterol therapy
aspirin
surgical intervention to remove plaque

23
Q

tx for venous disease (3)

A

walking, limb elevation, compression therapy

24
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

stasis
vessel wall injury
hypercoaguability

25
Q

asymptomatic; otherwise swelling, pain, warmth, redness

A

DVT

26
Q

DVT tx

A

prevent clot propagation, prevent PE

27
Q

UE DVT tx

A

anticoagulant
thrombolysis
surgical decompression

28
Q

superficial thrombophlebitis tx

A

local heat, NSAIDs

should resolve 1-2 wks

29
Q

veins visible on surface following injury, like venous cath/PICC, IV tx

A

superficial thrombophlebitis

30
Q

obstruction of the pulmonary a. or one of its branches by material that originated elsewhere in the body

A

PE

31
Q

sustained hypotension, pulselessness, bradycardia

resulting in right ventricular failure and possible death

A

massive PE

32
Q

RV dysfxn or myocardial necrosis w/o systemic hypertension

A

submassive PE

33
Q

dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic pain, calf/thigh pain

A

PE

34
Q

EKG prognostic finding w/ PE

A

S1Q3T3

35
Q

gold standard for diagnosing PE

A

Pulmonary angiography

36
Q

how long should heparin therapy go?

A

at least 5 days

37
Q

VTE tx (5)

A 
anticoag meds
thrombolytics
thrombo/embolectomy
IVC filter
prophylactic measures
38
Q

anti coag medicine for long term tx of VTE?

A

warfarin (coumadin)

39
Q

initial tx of VTE

A

IV unfractionated heparin

40
Q

outpt tx of VTE, stable PE for at least 5 days

A

LMW heparin

41
Q

Factor Xa inhibitors? (3)

A

Fondaparinux (Arixtra)
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Apixaban (Eliquis)

42
Q

acute tx of VTE as “bridge” to warfarin

A

arixtra

43
Q

acute tx & secondary prevention of VTE (2)

A

Xarelto, Eliquis

44
Q

antidote for heparin

A

protamine

45
Q

direct thrombin inhibitor, acute tx and secondary prevention

A

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

46
Q

duration of anticoag therapy for transient risk factor

A

3 mo

47
Q

duration of anticoag therapy w/ cancer

A

3 mo. or for the duration of the cancer

48
Q

duration of anticoag therapy for unprovoked thrombosis

A

3 mo., consider indefinite

49
Q

duration of anticoag therapy for underlying thrombophilia

A

indefinite

50
Q

activate plasminogen to form plasmin, resulting in accelerated lysis of thrombi

A

thrombolytics

51
Q

thrombolytic tx recommended for?

A

for unstable (hypoxia risk) pts w/ PE

52
Q

indication for thrombolectomy

A

unstable PE

53
Q

IVC filter

A

prevents DVT from propagating to lungs

54
Q

IVC filter indications/contraindications

A

indicated for: recurrent PE despite adequate anticoag

contraindicated for: coags (acute bleeding)

55
Q

outpt tx for VTE is indicated for? (4)

A

no indication of PE
pain controlled
good pt compliance
can pay for it

56
Q

otpt tx of VTE is contraindicated if

A

DVT of IVC, common femoral, or UE
recent surgery
noncompliant PT

Clin Med 1 (18 decks)

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