Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro B4 > Viruses Pg 3 - 7 > Flashcards

Viruses Pg 3 - 7 Flashcards

1
Q

(1) Cough, runny nose -> generalized aches and muscle pain, fever

(possible nausea and vomiting in children probably due to fever)

(2) Incubation 1-2 days; symptoms 5-7 days (cough 7-14 days)

A

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(3) Viral Pneumonia (about 10% of admissions) – high mortality
(4) Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia sometimes follows viral URT infections

b. Transmitted by droplets and contact (especially hands) and by inhalation

A

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

d. Virus Structure
(1) Core with 8 strands of RNA

(2) Envelope
(a) Lipid bilayer from previous host cell (animal specific or adapted to other types of cells)
(b) Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase – used for attachment and virulence

(3) Matrix protein (capsid)

A

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Influenza virus (Myxovirus) has a core with?

A

8 strands of RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the Influenza virus (Myxovirus) envelope

A

LIpid bilayer from the PREVIOUS host cell, which means its animal-specific or adapted to other types of cells

The envelope uses hemagglutinin and neuraminidase for attachment and virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

A

envelope/virulence for Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

Also the surface antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(1) Types based on surface antigens Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)

(a) Animal strain based on original “source” of viral envelope
(b) Infectivity of animal virus to humans is due to adaptation to enter human cell membranes

A

Antigenic Types (A, B, C) types of Influenza virus (myxovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(a) Common human subtypes: H3N2, H1N1 (human strain)
(b) Numerous swine subtypes, some adapted to humans, e.g. 2009 H1N1 (highly transmissible)
(c) Numerous avian subtypes, some adapted to humans; e.g. emerging subtype H5N1, H7N9 (considered dangerous)

A

Type A influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Influenza types B and C are antigenically ____?

A

Stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Virulence factors for flu?

A

Gene recombination and mutation

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase are factors both of attachment and cause some symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

High rate of gene recombination and mutation – New major antigenic types and subtypes sweep the world every 2-4 years

A

virulence for Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Influenza virus (Myxovirus) Surface antigen changes due to:

A

gene recombination and gene mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

recombination of 8 strands of RNA

A

gene recombination

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes antigenetic shift and drift

A

Gene mutation

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

factors both of attachment and cause some symptoms

A

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(a) Animal-specific envelope (e.g. human strains infect humans; avian strains infects avians; swine strains)
(b) Surface antigen changes (e.g. Avian Influenza (H5N1)
(c) Adaptation of virus envelope to enter and replicate in human cell

A

Other virulence factors…

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

17
Q

Antiviral (for influenza/myxovirus) medications available – start treatment within __ hours to be effective

A

48

18
Q

Vaccine for Influenza virus (Myxovirus)?

A

(1) Made with the most common 3 antigens
(2) Required annually to match antigenic strains moving toward USA (World Health Org., CDC, and DoD labs track location and movement of strains around the world)

19
Q

RNA viruses that cause common cold?

THESE THREE FOR COMMON COLD testing purposes

A

Rhinovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Corona virus

20
Q

overall most prevalent agent (over 160 antigen types) of cold

A

rhinovirus

21
Q

Second most common agent of colds

A

corona virus

22
Q

(b) Multiple antigenic types (about 30 types)
(c) New Highly Virulent Variants in Recent Years

  • SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) (several thousand cases, about 30% mortality)
  • MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome – Corona Virus) – severe acute respiratory illness (fever, cough, shortness of breath), several hundred persons ill and about 30% mortality since 2012 (mostly Jordan, Saudia Arabia); camels are likely source
A

corona virus

23
Q

aka Human Orthopneumovirus, - the primary agent of colds in infants and young children

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

24
Q

(a) Hundreds (thousands ?) of antigenic types exist; Antigenic groups A and B
(b) Can cause severe infections
(c) Immunoglobulins are not necessarily protective against future infections
(d) Development of vaccine is very challenging

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

25
Q

Rhinovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Corona virus transmitted by?

A

Transmitted by droplets and contact (especially hands and eyes) and by inhalation of droplets

26
Q

a. Enveloped RNA virus - member of Paramyxovirus family; 4 antigenic types
b. Causes croup, bronchitis, cold-like symptoms; especially in children

A

Parainfluenza virus

27
Q

Mostly bronchitis in children?

Can be severe

A

Parainfluenza virus

28
Q

a. Enveloped RNA virus - member of Paramyxovirus family, subfamily Pneumovirus (discovered 2001)
b. Causes upper and lower respiratory tract illness (very prevalent)

A

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)

29
Q

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is or is not enveloped?

A

It is enveloped, dude

30
Q

(1) Common cold, bronchiolitis, PNEUMONIA, croup
(2) Outbreaks primarily in late winter – early spring
(3) Incubation 3-5 days; shedding for few weeks
(4) Affects all ages; more frequent and more severe in young children
(5) Similar signs/symptoms to RSV (same taxonomic family)

A

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)

31
Q

Outbreaks primarily in late winter – early spring?

Shedding?

A

hMPV

Human Metapneumovirus

32
Q

a. DNA Virus, non-enveloped (>50 types); members of the family Adenoviridae
b. Etiologic agent of 5% to 10% of all viral infections (50% of infections before age 5)

A

Adenovirus

33
Q

Adenonvirus… DNA or RNA?

Enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

DNA

non-Enveloped

34
Q

(1) “Acute Respiratory Disease” in military recruits (80%) – types 4, 7
(2) Conjunctivitis – types 2,3,5,7,8,19,21,37
(3) Atypical pneumonia – type 37
(4) Cold-like disease – types 1, 2, 5, 6
(5) Gastrointestinal disease (15%) – types 40, 41
(6) Also: Croup/Bronchitis, Sore Throat, Cystitis

A

Adenovirus

35
Q

50% of viral infections before age 5?

A

Adenovirus

36
Q

“Acute Respiratory Disease” in military recruits (80%) – types 4, 7

A

Adenovirus

37
Q

viral conjuncitivitis?

A

adenovirus

Less purulent than bacterial pinkeye

Micro B4 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions