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Micro B4 > Themes > Flashcards

Themes Flashcards

1
Q

Diarrhea?

A

rotavirus (MOST COMMON cause of severe epidemic diarrhea in infants/children)

Norwalk virus (Norovirus) [and Sapovirus and Astrovirus]

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus (Marburg virus is similar)

____

HIV (later stage)

Measles (secondary complications)

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2
Q

Myocarditis

A

Enterovirus (e.g. Coxsackie, Polio, Echo, Enterovirus))

Also, consider candida albicans (invasive infections of blood, heart, brain eyes, bones)

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3
Q

Neonates can receive from mother?

A

Herpes simplex 1,2 (keratoconjunctivitis, meningitis)

HIV

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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4
Q

Recurring?

A

Herpes simplex

herpes zoster

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5
Q

Croup/bronchitis

A

Parainfluenza virus (ESPECIALLY in CHILDREN)

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) (“more frequent & more severe in young children”)

Adenovirus (side note: common viral infection; 50% of viral infections before age 5)

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6
Q

Cold-like? (not common cold)

A

Parainfluenza virus

Adenovirus

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7
Q

sore throat?

A

Adenovirus

Epstein-Barr virus

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus (Marburg virus is similar)

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8
Q

Cough?

A

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)

Corona virus

measles

Histoplasma capsulatum (mold)

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) [immunocompromised patients]

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9
Q

Fever?

admittedly, maybe a ridiculous card…

A

Norwalk (most common viral epidemic GI)

HIV (duh)

Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses (weird)

Zika (encephalitis V)

West Nile (encephalitis V)

Rabies

Measles (HIGH fever)

Mumps

Hantavirus

EBV (infectious mononucleosis)

CMV (febrile mononucleosis)

Histoplasma capsulatum

Coccididioides immitis

Pneumocystitis jivorecii pneumonia

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10
Q

Mosquitos?

A

Dengue Virus; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Yellow Fever Virus

Chikungunya virus

Rift Valley Fever virus (RVF)\

All Encephalitis Virusus (except… tick-borne)

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11
Q

aka Human Orthopneumovirus, - the primary agent of colds in infants & young children

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

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12
Q

DNA viruses?

A 
Herpes viruses (zoster/simplex/CMV/EBV)
HPV
Hepatitis B
Variola major
Adenovirus
Parvovirus
EBV (herpes)
Molluscum contagiosum
CMV (herpes)
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13
Q

Transmitted by droplets and contact (especially hands and eyes) and by inhalation of droplets

A

Myxovirus (flu) [note that the .pdf doesn’t specifically mention eyes]

Rhinovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Corona virus

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14
Q

50% of viral infections before age 5?

A

Adenovirus

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15
Q

Conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

Herpes simplex (keratoconjunctivitis)

Dengue

Zika

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16
Q

most common cause of severe epidemic diarrhea in infants and young children?

A

Rotavirus A

RNA

17
Q

causes ~90 % of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis (schools, families, camps, etc.)?

A

Norwalk virus (Norovirus)

18
Q

HIV1 found?

HIV2 found?

A

Worldwide - HIV1

West Africa HIV2

(antigenic variations within each type)

19
Q

General symptoms of the hepatitis?

vary in severity and are not specific to the causative agent

A

Anorexia and weight loss; Hepatic tenderness; Jaundice and dark urine

20
Q

Regarding Hepatitis B, what appears during convalescence and indicates recovery/immunity?

(Failure to seroconvert indicative of chronic infection)

A

Anti-HBs (antibody to Hepatitis B SURFACE antigen)

Major protective antibody against HBV (also develops from vaccination)

[AntiHBe happens in late acute phase and SUGGESTS recovery]

21
Q

Two hepatitises are primarily parenteral… which ones?

The third is enteric (i.e., fecal-oral, primarily from infected food/water)… which one?

A

Hep B and C are parenteral

Hep A is fecal-oral/ingestion

22
Q

What is the hemorrhagic fever virus with no mentioned connection to Africa?

A

Hantavirus

23
Q

Rodent excreta in Africa?

Rodent excreta NOT in Africa?

A

Lassa fever (hemorrhagic fever)

Hantavirus (hemorrhagic fever)

24
Q

Hemorrhagic fevers that are transmitted by skeeters?

A

Dengue (“break-bone”)

Dengue Hemorrhagic

Yella fever

Rift Valley

Chickungunya

25
Q

Hemorrhagic fever from ticks?

A

Congo-Crimean Hemorrhagic fever

26
Q

Bats?

Or bushmeat?

A

Ebola

27
Q

Hemorrhagic fevers found in Europe/Northern Asia?

A

Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Sydrome

28
Q

Hemorrhagic fever found in North America?

A

Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome

29
Q

Western hemisphere hemorrhagic fevers?

A

Dengue (tropical/subtropical; Caribbean, coastal South/Central Americ)

Yellow Fever (Amazon basin)

Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (North America, RARE)

Chickungunya (a few cases in the Americas)

30
Q

Asia hemorrhagic fever viruses?

A

Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (Northern Asia)

Dengue (SE Asia)

Chickungunya (SE Asia)

Congo-Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever (Middle East to West China)

31
Q

Warts?

A

HPV

Molluscum contagiosum virus

(both DNA viruses)

32
Q

Predominant viral encephalitis in USA?

A

West Nile

33
Q

Gram Negative bacteria?

A

Burkholderia spp

Fusobacterium

34
Q

Gram positive bacteria?

A

Peptostreptococcus

Faecalibacterium (bacilli)

Bifidobacterium (bacilli)

35
Q

Spirochetes?

A

treponema pallidum

Borrellia burgdorferi

Leptospira interrogans

36
Q

Affects the nails?

A

Candida (onychomycosis) [yeast]

Microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton [Dermatophytic molds]

37
Q

Spores?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (Ohio/MS River Valley, Africa, Asia)

Coccidiodes immitis (SW USA, Northern Mex, S. America)

Aspergillus

38
Q

Epidemic diarrhea/viral gastroenteritis… think?

A

Severe epidemic diarrhea in infants/young children = ROTAVIRUS

Major worldwide cause of viral gastroenteritis = NOROVIRUS

39
Q

HIV envelope/glycoprotein numbers?

A

GP 41 (attaches to CXCR4)

GP 120 (attaches to CD4)

Micro B4 (13 decks)

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