Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses Flashcards
Etiologic agents are enveloped or filamentous RNA viruses – various families and genera
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses:
(a) _____ = Hantaviruses, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Rift Valley Fever
Bunyavirdae
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses:
(b) _____ family - Ebola & Marburg
Filoviridae family
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses:
(c) _____ family - Dengue, Yellow Fever, West Nile, Zika, others
Flavivridae family
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses:
(d) _____ family, Alphavirus genus - Chikungunya
Togaviridae family
(a) Bunyaviridae – _____, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Rift Valley Fever
(b) Filoviridae family - ____ & Marburg
(c) Flaviviridae family - ___, ___, ___, ____
(d) Togaviridae family, ____ genus - Chikungunya
(a) Bunyaviridae – Hantaviruses, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Rift Valley Fever
(b) Filoviridae family - Ebola & Marburg
(c) Flaviviridae family - Dengue, Yellow Fever, West Nile, Zika, others
(d) Togaviridae family, Alphavirus genus - Chikungunya
Variations of Hantavirus:
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) (Hantaan, Seoul, Puumula viruses)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) (Sin Nombre virus)
(a) Moderately Frequent: Northern Asia, Europe (>150K/year; 2-40% mortality)
(b) Transmitted via inhaled rodent excreta
Hantavirus:
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) (Hantaan, Seoul, Puumula viruses)
(a) Very Infrequent: North America
(b) Transmitted via inhaled rodent excreta
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) (Sin Nombre virus)
Dengue Virus; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever – (4 types)
(1) Frequent: ___ & __-___ (50K-1M cases/year; DHF 3% mortality; very infrequent in USA)
(2) Transmitted by ____
(3) Illness:
(a) Fever, severe joint pain (“___ ___”), conjunctivitis, headache
(b) Hemorrhagic fever form (lower frequency) – severe illness
Dengue Virus; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever – (4 types)
(1) Frequent: Tropical & semi-tropical (50K-1M cases/year; DHF 3% mortality; very infrequent in USA)
(2) Transmitted by Mosquitoes
(3) Illness:
(a) Fever, severe joint pain (“Breakbone Fever”), conjunctivitis, headache
(b) Hemorrhagic fever form (lower frequency) – severe illness
Yellow Fever Virus
1) Moderately Frequent: Tropical ___, ___ basin (200K cases/year; 30K deaths
(2) Transmitted by ____
Yellow Fever Virus
1) Moderately Frequent: Tropical Africa, Amazon basin (200K cases/year; 30K deaths
(2) Transmitted by Mosquitoes
Chikungunya virus
(1) Moderately Frequent: Africa, SE Asia, South & Central America (1M cases; 3K in W.Hemisphere, ~30 in USA; ___ ___ mortality)
(2) Transmitted by ___
(3) Illness: Dengue-like symptoms; ___ form rare
Chikungunya virus
(1) Moderately Frequent: Africa, SE Asia, South & Central America (1M cases; 3K in W.Hemisphere, ~30 in USA; very low mortality)
(2) Transmitted by Mosquitoes
(3) Illness: Dengue-like symptoms; hemorrhagic form rare
Rift Valley Fever virus (RVF)
(1) Zoonotic in ___; Infrequent in humans
(2) Transmitted by ____
Rift Valley Fever virus (RVF)
(1) Zoonotic in Africa; Infrequent in humans
(2) Transmitted by mosquitoes
Congo-Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHF)
1) Infrequent: ___, Middle East (to West ___
(2) Transmitted via ___
Congo-Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHF)
1) Infrequent: Africa, Middle East (to West China
(2) Transmitted via ticks
Lassa Fever Virus
1) Moderately Frequent: ___ ___ (300-500K cases, 5K deaths
(2) Transmitted via ___ excreta (urine)
Lassa Fever Virus
1) Moderately Frequent: West Africa (300-500K cases, 5K deaths
(2) Transmitted via rodent excreta (urine)
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus ( ____ virus is similar)
1) Infrequent: ___ & ___ ____ (tens to thousands per year; ~35% deaths
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus (Marburg virus is similar)
1) Infrequent: West & Central Africa (tens to thousands per year; ~35% deaths
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus:
Vector/reservoir:
___ ___ & bush meat -> animals, human contact
(b) Transmission: direct contact with blood or body fluids
- At-Risk Areas: mucosal tissue, ____, breaks in skin
- Aerosolization may deposit infectious droplets on at-risk tissues, but no aerosol transmission to ____ ____
- _______: 3% of infected persons spread disease to 60+% of victims
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus:
Vector/reservoir:
Fruit bats & bush meat -> animals, human contact
(b) Transmission: direct contact with blood or body fluids
- At-Risk Areas: mucosal tissue, eyes, breaks in skin
- Aerosolization may deposit infectious droplets on at-risk tissues, but no aerosol transmission to respiratory tract
- Superspreaders: 3% of infected persons spread disease to 60+% of victims
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus:
(3) Incubation: up to __ days (?)
(4) Contagious: from day of first symptoms (?) until no virus in blood (____ harbors for 3 months)
(5) Vaccine- in use in Africa (live ___ ____ virus with gene for Ebola surface protein)
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus:
(3) Incubation: up to 21 days (?)
(4) Contagious: from day of first symptoms (?) until no virus in blood (semen harbors for 3 months)
(5) Vaccine – in use in Africa (live Vesicular Stomatitis virus with gene for Ebola surface protein)
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus:
(6) Disease characteristics
(a) Sudden onset fever, intense ____, muscle pain, headache, sore throat
(b) Vomiting, diarrhea, rash, internal & external ____
(c) Acute fever, __-__ symptoms, muscle aches, rash/erythema/____
(d) Hemorrhage / Capillary leakage (vascular permeability, abnormal blood clotting) => Shock
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus:
(6) Disease characteristics
(a) Sudden onset fever, intense weakness, muscle pain, headache, sore throat
(b) Vomiting, diarrhea, rash, internal & external bleeding
(c) Acute fever, Flu-like symptoms, muscle aches, rash/erythema/petechiae
(d) Hemorrhage / Capillary leakage (vascular permeability, abnormal blood clotting) => Shock
(7) Differentiate from: Malaria, Lassa Fever Virus, Typhoid Fever, other VHF
(8) Causes long-term medical effects in survivors (chronic fatigue, headache, muscle/joint pain, memory loss, eye pain/blurry/sensitivity; hearing loss)
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever virus (Marburg virus is similar)
