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Micro B4 > Spirochetes/Other loser bacteria > Flashcards

Spirochetes/Other loser bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains; non-culturable

Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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2
Q

(1) Transmitted by direct contact with infectious lesion (chancre)

(2) Primary ____ – onset of symptoms 10-90 days (avg 21)
(a) Chancre – painless, small round, firm
(b) Lasts 3-6 weeks; “heals” w/o treatment

A

Syphilis

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3
Q

Small, round, firm, painless

“heals” w/o treatment

A

Chancre in primary syphilis

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4
Q

rash over wide area occurs 1-6 mos later if not treated

A

Secondary syphilis - treponema pallidum

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5
Q

If not treated, mutli-organ involvement…

A

tertiary syphilis - treponema pallidum

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6
Q

(1) Transmitted by direct contact with infectious lesion (chancre)
(2) Primary ___ – onset of symptoms 10-90 days (avg 21)
(a) Chancre – painless, small round, firm
(b) Lasts 3-6 weeks; “heals” w/o treatment
(3) Secondary ____ – rash over wide area occurs 1-6 mos later if not treated
(4) Tertiary ___ – multi-organ – if not treated

A

Syphilis

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7
Q

Identify by antigen-detection methods [RPR] or dark field microscopic exam of lesion fluid (depends on the stage of disease)?

Immunofluorescent microscopy

A

Syphilis

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8
Q

a. Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains

b. Causes Lyme Disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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9
Q

c. Transmission: Tick-borne (esp. deer tick) – bite; prolonged association (24+ hr)

A

Lyme Diseas - Borrelia burgdorferi

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10
Q

Clinical: Early stages asymptomatic & difficult to differentiate

(1) Skin lesion - red macule/papule > 5 cm (erythema migrans)
(2) Neurologic & cardiac involvement – encephalitis, facial palsy, etc.

A

Lyme Disease - Borrelia burgdorferi

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11
Q

Erythema migrans?

Encephalitis/facial palsy?

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

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12
Q

Could present with arthralgias or be mistaken as an autoimmune disease or a fibriomyalgia?

Brain fog?

(from lecture - not .pdf)

A

Lyme disease - borrelia burgdoferi

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13
Q

Red macule/papule > 5 cm?

A

erythema migrans - Lyme disease - borrelia burgdoferi

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14
Q

a. Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains

b. Causes Leptospirosis

A

Leptospira interrogans

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15
Q

Transmission: skin contact with urine of infected animals (e.g. rats, swine, badgers, rodents, deer, fox); especially via contaminated water (or moist soil)

CAN ACTIVELY PENETRATE THE SKIN

A

Leptospira interrogans

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16
Q

Clinical: Fever, headache, myalgia, chills, conjunctival involvement –> renal and liver failure

A

Leptospirosis - Leptospira interrogans

17
Q

Can present with erythematous patches on skin OR be asymptomatic for a few weeks (before reaching liver/kidney)

A

Leptospira interrogans

18
Q

Gram-negative bacilli (related to Pseudomonas)

Safety pin appearance

2/3 of spp are biological threat agent

A

Burkholderia spp

19
Q

(1) Causes Melioidosis (mel-ee’-oy-doe’-sis) - especially persons with pre-existing major illness
(2) Endemic in Southeast Asia, N. Australia, & South Pacific (~165,000 cases per year; 89,000 deaths) – Reservoir in various animals
(3) Transmitted by direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water

A

B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent

20
Q

Melioidosis?

A

B. pseudomallei

21
Q

(2) Endemic in Southeast Asia, N. Australia, & South Pacific (~165,000 cases per year; 89,000 deaths) – Reservoir in various animals
(3) Transmitted by direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water

A

B. pseudomallei

22
Q

(4) Causes acute PULMONARY infection; acute localized infection (ulcer/nodule/abscess), septicemia, multiple organ involvement

(a) Symptoms often appear 2-4 weeks after exposure
(b) May be subclinical and/or delayed (years)

A

B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent

23
Q

(a) Causes Glanders - disease of horses (equine) (highly communicable); rarely humans; Causes nasal mucus discharge, lung lesions
(b) Endemic to parts of Africa, Asia, Middle East, & S. America (eradicated from N. America & Europe)

A

B. mallei is very closely related to B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent

24
Q

(c) Transmitted from animals to humans (RARELY) via contact with blood and body fluids into skin abrasions or mucosal surfaces (not environmental sources)

  • Affects lungs & airways; causes septicemia, cutaneous lesions, liver, spleen, fever
  • Fatality rate 95% in untreated; 50% in treated
A

B. mallei - Biological threat agent

25
Q

(1) Soil & water source – very hardy; challenging hospital control
(2) Infrequent pathogen - Causes pneumonia in immunocompromised or cystic fibrosis patients

A

Burkholderia cepacia

Most species are resistant to multiple antimicrobics

26
Q

You don’t bring flowers to the hospital thanks to this microbe?

Presence in soil can be transmitted, i.e., hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Burkholderia cepacia

Most species are resistant to multiple antimicrobics

27
Q

a. Gram-positive cocci, usually chains
b. Anaerobic
c. Normal microbiota of vagina, GI, skin
d. Cause generalized necrotizing soft tissue infections, including Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; bone & joint, and other infections

A

Peptostreptococcus

28
Q

Anaerobic

Normal microbiota (vagina/GI/skin)

NECROTIZING soft tissue infections, PID, bone/joint infecetions

A

Peptostreptococcus

29
Q

Aside from gonorrhea/chlamydia, a causative agent of PID?

A

Peptostreptococcus (gram positive - anaerobe)

30
Q

a. Gram-negative bacilli
b. Anaerobic
c. Periodontal infections, skin ulcers

A

Fusobacterium

31
Q

Bifidobacterium

Fusobacterium

Faecalibacterium

Peptostreptococcus

A

Anaerobes

all gram positive, except fusobacterium [gram negative bacillus]

32
Q

Gram-positive (bacilli & coccus)

A

Faecalibacterium ( bacillus)

Bifidobacterium ( bacillus)

Peptostreptococcus

33
Q

Periodontal infections?

Skin ulcers?

A

Fusobacterium (gram negative bacillus)

34
Q

a. Gram-positive bacillus, non-sporeforming
b. Anaerobic
c. An abundant normal gut microbiota; may boost immune system
d. Lower levels in gut may be associated with clinical disorders

A

Faecalibacterium

35
Q

a. Gram-positive bacilli, often branched, non-sporeforming
b. Anaerobic
c. An abundant normal microbiota of gut, vagina, mouth
d. An important component of probiotics

A

Bifidobacterium

36
Q

Burkholderia spp

Fusobacterium

A

Gram-negative bacilli

37
Q

Normal biota?

A

Peptostreptococcus

Faecalibacterium

Bifidobacterium

Micro B4 (13 decks)

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