Spirochetes/Other loser bacteria Flashcards
Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains; non-culturable
Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
(1) Transmitted by direct contact with infectious lesion (chancre)
(2) Primary ____ – onset of symptoms 10-90 days (avg 21)
(a) Chancre – painless, small round, firm
(b) Lasts 3-6 weeks; “heals” w/o treatment
Syphilis
Small, round, firm, painless
“heals” w/o treatment
Chancre in primary syphilis
rash over wide area occurs 1-6 mos later if not treated
Secondary syphilis - treponema pallidum
If not treated, mutli-organ involvement…
tertiary syphilis - treponema pallidum
(1) Transmitted by direct contact with infectious lesion (chancre)
(2) Primary ___ – onset of symptoms 10-90 days (avg 21)
(a) Chancre – painless, small round, firm
(b) Lasts 3-6 weeks; “heals” w/o treatment
(3) Secondary ____ – rash over wide area occurs 1-6 mos later if not treated
(4) Tertiary ___ – multi-organ – if not treated
Syphilis
Identify by antigen-detection methods [RPR] or dark field microscopic exam of lesion fluid (depends on the stage of disease)?
Immunofluorescent microscopy
Syphilis
a. Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains
b. Causes Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
c. Transmission: Tick-borne (esp. deer tick) – bite; prolonged association (24+ hr)
Lyme Diseas - Borrelia burgdorferi
Clinical: Early stages asymptomatic & difficult to differentiate
(1) Skin lesion - red macule/papule > 5 cm (erythema migrans)
(2) Neurologic & cardiac involvement – encephalitis, facial palsy, etc.
Lyme Disease - Borrelia burgdorferi
Erythema migrans?
Encephalitis/facial palsy?
Borrelia burgdoferi
Could present with arthralgias or be mistaken as an autoimmune disease or a fibriomyalgia?
Brain fog?
(from lecture - not .pdf)
Lyme disease - borrelia burgdoferi
Red macule/papule > 5 cm?
erythema migrans - Lyme disease - borrelia burgdoferi
a. Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains
b. Causes Leptospirosis
Leptospira interrogans
Transmission: skin contact with urine of infected animals (e.g. rats, swine, badgers, rodents, deer, fox); especially via contaminated water (or moist soil)
CAN ACTIVELY PENETRATE THE SKIN
Leptospira interrogans
Clinical: Fever, headache, myalgia, chills, conjunctival involvement –> renal and liver failure
Leptospirosis - Leptospira interrogans
Can present with erythematous patches on skin OR be asymptomatic for a few weeks (before reaching liver/kidney)
Leptospira interrogans
Gram-negative bacilli (related to Pseudomonas)
Safety pin appearance
2/3 of spp are biological threat agent
Burkholderia spp
(1) Causes Melioidosis (mel-ee’-oy-doe’-sis) - especially persons with pre-existing major illness
(2) Endemic in Southeast Asia, N. Australia, & South Pacific (~165,000 cases per year; 89,000 deaths) – Reservoir in various animals
(3) Transmitted by direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water
B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent
Melioidosis?
B. pseudomallei
(2) Endemic in Southeast Asia, N. Australia, & South Pacific (~165,000 cases per year; 89,000 deaths) – Reservoir in various animals
(3) Transmitted by direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water
B. pseudomallei
(4) Causes acute PULMONARY infection; acute localized infection (ulcer/nodule/abscess), septicemia, multiple organ involvement
(a) Symptoms often appear 2-4 weeks after exposure
(b) May be subclinical and/or delayed (years)
B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent
(a) Causes Glanders - disease of horses (equine) (highly communicable); rarely humans; Causes nasal mucus discharge, lung lesions
(b) Endemic to parts of Africa, Asia, Middle East, & S. America (eradicated from N. America & Europe)
B. mallei is very closely related to B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent
(c) Transmitted from animals to humans (RARELY) via contact with blood and body fluids into skin abrasions or mucosal surfaces (not environmental sources)
- Affects lungs & airways; causes septicemia, cutaneous lesions, liver, spleen, fever
- Fatality rate 95% in untreated; 50% in treated
B. mallei - Biological threat agent
(1) Soil & water source – very hardy; challenging hospital control
(2) Infrequent pathogen - Causes pneumonia in immunocompromised or cystic fibrosis patients
Burkholderia cepacia
Most species are resistant to multiple antimicrobics
You don’t bring flowers to the hospital thanks to this microbe?
Presence in soil can be transmitted, i.e., hospital-acquired pneumonia
Burkholderia cepacia
Most species are resistant to multiple antimicrobics
a. Gram-positive cocci, usually chains
b. Anaerobic
c. Normal microbiota of vagina, GI, skin
d. Cause generalized necrotizing soft tissue infections, including Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; bone & joint, and other infections
Peptostreptococcus
Anaerobic
Normal microbiota (vagina/GI/skin)
NECROTIZING soft tissue infections, PID, bone/joint infecetions
Peptostreptococcus
Aside from gonorrhea/chlamydia, a causative agent of PID?
Peptostreptococcus (gram positive - anaerobe)
a. Gram-negative bacilli
b. Anaerobic
c. Periodontal infections, skin ulcers
Fusobacterium
Bifidobacterium
Fusobacterium
Faecalibacterium
Peptostreptococcus
Anaerobes
all gram positive, except fusobacterium [gram negative bacillus]
Gram-positive (bacilli & coccus)
Faecalibacterium ( bacillus)
Bifidobacterium ( bacillus)
Peptostreptococcus
Periodontal infections?
Skin ulcers?
Fusobacterium (gram negative bacillus)
a. Gram-positive bacillus, non-sporeforming
b. Anaerobic
c. An abundant normal gut microbiota; may boost immune system
d. Lower levels in gut may be associated with clinical disorders
Faecalibacterium
a. Gram-positive bacilli, often branched, non-sporeforming
b. Anaerobic
c. An abundant normal microbiota of gut, vagina, mouth
d. An important component of probiotics
Bifidobacterium
Burkholderia spp
Fusobacterium
Gram-negative bacilli
Normal biota?
Peptostreptococcus
Faecalibacterium
Bifidobacterium
