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Micro B4 > Pg 19 - 25 > Flashcards

Pg 19 - 25 Flashcards

1
Q

(1) Bunyaviridae – La Crosse EV
(2) Flaviviridae – West Nile, Zika, St.Louis EV, Japanese EV, Tick-Borne EV
(3) Togaviridae family, Alphavirus genus – Eastern/Western/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus

A

Etiologic Agents are RNA viruses (“encephalitis” is in the name of most)

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2
Q

Viral encephalitis Transmission - Mosquito from animal to human, except

A

(1) Zika - Transmitted by mosquitos & Semen – 20% of infected become ill
(2) Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBE) is transmitted by ticks

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3
Q

Disease:

(1) Travels bloodstream to CNS & other organs
(2) Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) & meningitis (inflammation of the meninges membrane)
(3) Treatment is very limited or non-existent; vaccines usually non-existent
(4) Mortality rate often 20-40%

A

(1) Bunyaviridae – La Crosse EV
(2) Flaviviridae – West Nile, Zika, St.Louis EV, Japanese EV, Tick-Borne EV
(3) Togaviridae family, Alphavirus genus – Eastern/Western/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus

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4
Q

(1) Bunyaviridae – La Crosse EV
(2) Flaviviridae – West Nile, Zika, St.Louis EV, Japanese EV, Tick-Borne EV
(3) Togaviridae family, Alphavirus genus – Eastern/Western/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus

A

Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) & meningitis (inflammation of the me`ninges membrane)

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5
Q

Many of the viral encephalitises are diagnosed how?

A

SSx & geography, primarily.

Immunodiagnostic and PCRs can be options

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6
Q
  • Peaks late summer-early fall
  • Cases (USA): ~50K illness (>3M infected?); ~2200 deaths
  • Neuroinvasive (23K)

Found in Africa, India, Middle East, Europe, USA

A

West Nile Virus

FREQUENT encephalitis

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7
Q

Predominant viral encephalitis in USA?

A

West Nile Virus

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8
Q

Fever, rash, joint pain – usually mild or asymptomatic

  • Conjunctivitis, headache – possibly Guillain-Barre’ Syndrome
A

Zika Virus

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9
Q
  • Travels via blood to fetus; causes microcephaly and other damage
  • Cases vary dramatically – 5 to 5000 per year

(No longer a global emergency)

A

Zika Virus

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10
Q

Both are similar and somewhat predominant in USA?

Variants of Japanese Encephalitis

A

St Louis & La Crosse encephalitis viruses

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11
Q

(From Africa 1940s) Asia & S.Pacific, to Brazil 2014?; to Americas in 2015-2016

A

Zika virus

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12
Q

Biological threat agent

10 to 20 cases per year USA; ~30% mortality

SE USA, C. America, Northern S. America

A

E/W/Venezualan Equine Encephalitis Viruses

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13
Q

Similar to Equine Encephalitis but in Europe?

A

Tick-borne encephalitis virus

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14
Q

Encephalitis in Australia?

A

Murray Valley Fever

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15
Q

Transmitted by virus-laden saliva of a rabid animal introduced into a bite or scratch (Most prevalent infected animals: coyotes, foxes, skunks, raccoons, bats, cats, dogs – geographical locations vary)

A

Rabies virus

genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae – RNA virus

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16
Q

(1) Incubation period – Usually about 8 weeks (depends on site of inoculation)
(2) Virus replicates in tissue at bite site
(3) Virus replicates in and travels in peripheral nerve system

A

Rabies virus

17
Q

Rabies travels through what system(s)?

A

Initially proliferates in the Peripheral Nervous System which it uses as a conduit for movement into the Central Nervous.

Infects brain, affecting the eyes, salivary glands, skin and other organs

18
Q

(1) Infects brain and affects eye, salivary glands, skin, & other organs
(2) Encephalomyelitis (almost always fatal once symptoms appear)
(3) Headache, fever, malaise; a sense of apprehension; spasms of muscles used in swallowing; delirium and convulsions
(4) Death often due to respiratory paralysis

A

Clinical manifestations of rabies

19
Q

Death often due to respiratory paralysis

Encephalomyelitis (almost always fatal once symptoms appear)

A

Rabies

20
Q

DNA virus – Over 170 antigenic types; more than 40 are sexually transmitted

A

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

21
Q

Causes genital warts – HPV types 6 and 11 – Vaccine (2006)

A

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

22
Q

Causes various types of skin warts

A

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

23
Q

e.g. Coxsackie, Polio, Echo, Enterovirus

A

Enterovirus

24
Q

(1) RNA virus, small, non-enveloped; stable over wide pH and temperature range
(2) Multiple antigenic types, formerly known as (genus names): Coxsackie, Poliovirus, Echo, & Enterovirus

(3) Transmission: Fecal to oral, respiratory secretions, contact with vesicle fluid
b.

A

Enterovirus (genus)

25
Q

causes various antigenic types cause several diseases (e.g. myocarditis, pleurodynia, vesicular rash)

A

Coxsackie

RNA virus, small, non-enveloped

(enterovirus)

26
Q

Severe cases might require a heart transplant/artificial heart?

A

Coxsackie

27
Q

myocarditis, pleurodynia, vesicular rash

A

Coxsackie

28
Q

RNA virus – Genus Morbillivirus, member of Paramyxovirus family

Transmitted person-to-person by contact with respiratory secretions, e.g. cough, sneeze, droplets on surfaces. Highly contagious

A

Measles virus

29
Q

(1) Symptoms –cough, rhinitis, high fever, red eyes, macropapular rash (3-5 days after start of symptoms)
(2) Symptoms occur about 10-12 days after exposure and last 7-10 days
(3) Contagious from about 4 days prior to 4 days after start of symptoms or rash
M-SMPA-503-8-1
Oct 2019
23
(4) Secondary complications (30%), esp. diarrhea, blindness, inflammation of brain, pneumonia

A

Measles (Rubeola; red measles)

re-emergence, serious infection

30
Q

Measles ssx and timelines?

A

Cough, high fever, red eyes, macropapular rash

Symptoms occur about 10 days after exposure and last for a week or so

CAN BE INFECTIOUS DAYS BEFORE AND AFTER SSX ARRIVE AND RETREAT

31
Q

Secondary complications (30%), esp. diarrhea, blindness, inflammation of brain, pneumonia?1

A

measles

32
Q

(1) Symptoms – fever, muscle pain, headache, fatigue, usually followed by swelling of parotid glands (may be confused with swelling of lymph nodes)
(2) Symptoms occur about 16-18 days after exposure and resolve after 4-10 days
(3) Contagious from a few days prior to about 4 days after symptoms
(4) Complications include meningitis, pancreatitis, permanent deafness, testicular/ovarian swelling. Symptoms in adults more severe than in children

A

Mumps virus

33
Q

a. DNA poxvirus
b. Causes mucous membrane lesions or “water warts” on the skin; most commonly on face, trunk, arms, legs
c. Transmitted by touching the affected skin

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)

34
Q

a. DNA virus – Member of Orthopox family (e.g. monkeypox, camelpox, etc); not related to Chicken Pox
b. Disease – Smallpox

A

Variola major virus

35
Q

(1) Synchronous progression: rash – macules  vesicles  pustules  scabs
(a) Begins on face, hands, forearms, and spreads to lower extremities in 7-16 days
(b) Lesions on palms of hands and soles of feet and in mouth

A

Disease – Smallpox

Variola major virus

36
Q

(3) Spread by aerosolized virus in droplets and powdered scabs
(4) Rapidly inactivated by UV light & disinfectants

A

Disease – Smallpox

Variola major virus

37
Q

Smallpox disease details/progression?

A

Synchronous progression

rash->macules->vesicles->pustules->scabs

Starts on face/hands/forearms, moves to lower extremities

Lesions on palms/feet/mouth

38
Q

(a) Vesicles or pustules - Scrape the base of the vesicle or pustule & make a touch prep on a microscope slide.
(b) Scab lesions - Remove as many scabs as possible (place in screw-capped plastic tube)

A

Laboratory diagnosis of smallpox/variola major

39
Q

What should you rule out when concerned about smallpox?

A

Varicella-Zoster virus

(also consider other “pox” viruses)

Variola-specific tests

Micro B4 (13 decks)

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