Pg 8 - Pg 10

Question 1

(1) DNA virus, enveloped, large size

(2) Cause latent and sometimes recurring diseases

Answer 1

Herpes viruses

Question 2

causes fever blisters, cold sores, gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis (e.g. neonate, contact lens wearer), genital lesions, meningitis (neonate)

Answer 2

Herpes simplex (types 1 2)

Question 3

(1) Primary lesion generally more severe
than subsequent lesions

(2) Viruses hide (go latent) in nerve ganglia serving region of the primary lesion
(3) Lesions recur periodically – usually in response to some type of stress stimulus (excess UV light at beach, onset of menstrual period, emotional stress of death or illness of loved one)
(4) Virus held in check primarily by cell-mediated immunity although antibodies exist.

Answer 3

Herpes simplex (types 1 2)

Question 4

Primary lesion is more severe than subsequent. Then the virus goes latent in the ____. Typically held at bay by ____ but can recur periodically, often due to stress (e.g., emotional stress, menstruation, UV light)

Answer 4

Nerve ganglia

cell-mediated immunity

Question 5

(5) No adequate vaccine is available.

(6) Treat with medication to relieve symptoms, but not to cure/eradicate virus

Answer 5

Herpes simplex (types 1 2)

Question 6

Herpes a DNA or RNA virus?

Enveloped or nah?

Answer 6

DNA

Enveloped

Question 7

Mother may pass herpes virus onto vaginally delivered neonates, causing?

Answer 7

keratoconjunctivitis

meningitis

Question 8

causes chicken pox and shingles (latent/recurring)

Answer 8

Herpes zoster (HZV) (formerly named Varicella-Zoster)

Question 9

(a) Acquired via respiratory tract
(b) Causes vessicle-type skin lesions - moderately large, relatively few, mostly on trunk of body
(c) Viruses may hide in nerve ganglia
(d) Viruses held in check by CMI

Answer 9

chicken pox (herpes zoster)

Question 10

(a) HZV re-emerges from hiding in nerve ganglia
(b) Cause numerous, small, closely- spaced vessicles in area served by the infected nerve ganglion (e.g. across shoulder, under arm from breast to shoulder blade, across thigh)
(c) Virus outbreak subsides after few-to several weeks, but may recur periodically
(d) Virus held in check by cell-mediated immunity

Answer 10

shingles (herpes zoster)

Question 11

(1) Transmitted by oral secretions (saliva)
(2) Infects B-cell
(3) Causes infectious mononucleosis in adolescents and adults
(a) Fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, swelling of liver or spleen
(4) Virus may be eliminated by Cell Mediated Immunity or go into latency
(5) Latent viruses may reactivated (switch to lytic cycle) upon B-cell stimulation, e.g. by an unrelated infection

Answer 11

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Question 12

(3) Causes infectious mononucleosis in adolescents and adults
(a) Fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, swelling of liver or spleen

Answer 12

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Question 13

(4) Virus may be eliminated by Cell Mediated Immunity or go into latency
(5) Latent viruses may reactivated (switch to lytic cycle) upon B-cell stimulation, e.g. by an unrelated infection
(6) May be associated with chronic diseases (unknown, uncertain)

Answer 13

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Question 14

Epstein-Barr transmitted how?

Answer 14

oral secretions

Question 15

Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr) ssx?

Answer 15

Fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, swelling of liver or spleen

Question 16

Causes congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease in children

and

Latent virus infection in immunosuppressed / immunocompromised organ transplant, malignancy, AIDS

Answer 16

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 17

(a) Baby is infected from vaginal microbiota during birthing
(b) Occasionally causes CMV mononucleosis with microcephaly, jaundice, multiple organ involvement
(c) Impairment of central nervous system is associated with development of mental/physical retardation. Rarely causes obvious illness.

Answer 17

congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 18

(a) Febrile mononucleosis
(b) Multiple organ involvement (pneumonitis, hepatitis, GI ulcerations, encephalopathy)
(c) Severity of disease related to competency of cell-mediated immunity

Answer 18

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 19

a. RNA virus; 8 species (A-H)
b. The most common cause of severe epidemic diarrhea in infants & young children (Rotavirus A accounts for 90% of infections) – Vaccine (2006)

Answer 19

Rotavirus

Question 20

Which type of Rotavirus account for 90% oof infections (i.e., diarrhea)

Answer 20

Rotavirus Type A

Question 21

Rotavirus transmitted how?

Answer 21

Fecal-oral transmission

Question 22

RNA virus, non-enveloped – Norwalk virus is the only species of the genus Norovirus, and “Norwalk virus” is the preferred nomenclature.

Answer 22

Norwalk virus (Norovirus) [and Sapovirus and Astrovirus]

can present like a bacterial diarrheal agent

Question 23

major worldwide cause of epidemic and sporatic viral gastroenteritis - causes ~90 % of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis (schools, families, camps, etc.)

(1) 18-48 hours incubation, causes vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, and low-grade fever
(2) Illness lasts 12-60 hours and often remits spontaneously

Answer 23

Norwalk virus (Norovirus) [and Sapovirus and Astrovirus]

Question 24

“Epidemic” and sporatic viral gastroenteritis…

schools, camps, etc.

Answer 24

Norwalk virus (Norovirus) [and Sapovirus and Astrovirus]

Question 25

d. Transmitted by food, water, vomitus – very difficult to prevent spread

Answer 25

Norwalk virus (Norovirus) [and Sapovirus and Astrovirus]