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MC_103 | Microbiology and Parasitology > Viruses and Prions > Flashcards

Viruses and Prions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The biological entities known to each type of cell

A

Viruses and Prions

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2
Q

The origin

A

Introduction to Viruses

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3
Q

Alive

A

Active Virus

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4
Q

Dead

A

Inactive Virus

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5
Q

Uses of the Viruses

A

Agents of Disease
Genetic Makeup

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6
Q

Unique Properties

A

Acellular
No organelles
Either DNA or RNA
Nucleic Acids

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7
Q

Doesn’t multiply unless invading

A

Obligate Intracellular

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8
Q

The parts

A

The General Structure of Viruses

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9
Q

Than average Bacteria

A

Smaller

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10
Q

0.02 um

A

Parvoviruses

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11
Q

Than small Bacteria

A

Larger

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12
Q

450 um

A

Mimiviruses

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13
Q

Regular, repeating subunits trend

A

Molecular Structure

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14
Q

Only a piece of genetic material
A protein coat

A

Needed Structure

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15
Q

Protein Nucleic Acids

A

Capsids

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16
Q

Protein subunits forming the Capsids

A

Capsomeres

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17
Q

Only with Nucleocapsids

A

Naked Viruses

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18
Q

Fully formed Virus

A

Virion

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19
Q

Simple
Rod-shaped
Bonds together

A

Helical Caspids

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20
Q

Complex
Three-dimensional
Arranged together

A

Icosahedral Caspids

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21
Q

Essential attachment of the cells to host

A

Spikes

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22
Q

Genetic information carried by organism

A

Genome

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23
Q

RNA genomes for immediate translation

A

Positive-sense RNA

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24
Q

RNA genomes into proper forms

A

Negative-sense RNA

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25
Q

The special type of RNA

A

Retrovirus

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26
Q

Synthesizes DNA and RNA
Replicates RNA

A

Polymerases

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27
Q

HIV equipped DNA and RNA transcription

A

Reverse Transcriptase

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28
Q

Informal System

A

Animal / Bacteria / Plant
Envelope / Naked
DNA / RNA
Helical / Isocahedral

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29
Q

Formal System

A

Structure
Chemical Composition
Genetic Makeup Similarities

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30
Q

The classification of viruses

A

How Viruses Are Classified and Named

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31
Q

International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses
2020

A

Author

32
Q

Orders’ ending

A

-Virales

33
Q

Families’ end

A

-Viridae

34
Q

Genera end

A

-Virus

35
Q

The minute parasites

A

How Viruses Multiply

36
Q

General Phases

A

Adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis
Assembly
Release

37
Q

Attach
Virus encounters a point susceptible host cell

A

Adsorption

38
Q

Tissue specificities

A

Tropism

39
Q

Engulf
Host penetrates either the whole virus or the nucleic acid

A

Penetration

40
Q

Dissolve
Viral nucleic acid into mended Cytoplasm

A

Uncoating

41
Q

Entire virus engulfed

A

Endocytosis

42
Q

Control
Make the new genomic materials and new proteins

A

Synthesis

43
Q

Formation
From growing pool of parts

A

Assembly

44
Q

Growth
Maturation in cell nucleus

A

Release

45
Q

Curves virus component

A

Exocytosis

46
Q

Invasive fit

A

Host Range

47
Q

Human liver cells

A

Restricted Host Range

48
Q

Primate intestinal and nerve cells

A

Moderately Restrictive Host Range

49
Q

Mammal cells

A

Broad Host Range

50
Q

Virus-induced damage

A

Cytopathic Effects

51
Q

Compacted virus or damaged cell organelles

A

Inclusion Bodies

52
Q

Fusion

A

Synctia

53
Q

From few weeks to the remaining host’s life

A

Persistent Infections

54
Q

Incorporating DNA into host

A

Provirus

55
Q

Human cancers

A

Oncoviruses

56
Q

Oncogenic effect

A

Transformation

57
Q

Viruses infecting Bacteria

A

Bacteriophages

58
Q

Intended disrupting effect

A

Lytic Phase

59
Q

Special DNA phages

A

Temperate Phages

60
Q

Inactive DNA phages

A

Prophage

61
Q

Bacterial chromosome carrying Bacteriophage DNA

A

Lysogeny

62
Q

Prophage activated and progressed

A

Induction

63
Q

Bacteria acquired trait from Temperate Phages

A

Lysogenic Conversion

64
Q

Transports bacterial genes from one Bacteria to another

A

Transduction

65
Q

The hampered virologists

A

Techniques in Cultivating and Identifying Animal Viruses

66
Q

Uses living embryos or animals

A

In Vivo Method

67
Q

Uses laboratory cells or tissues

A

In Vitro Method

68
Q

The viral infections

A

Viruses and Human Health

69
Q

Difficult designs

A

Effective Therapies

70
Q

Disrupting bacterial cells

A

Antibiotics

71
Q

The chronic persistent diseases in humans and animals

A

Prions and Other Noncellular Infectious Agents

72
Q

Agents of disease

A

Prions

73
Q

Gradual degeneration and death

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease / CJD

74
Q

Dependent on other viruses

A

Satellite Viruses

75
Q

Parasitized viruslike agents

A

Viroids

MC_103 | Microbiology and Parasitology (10 decks)

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