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MC_103 | Microbiology and Parasitology > Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolutionized microorganisms

A

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

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2
Q

The origin

A

Overview of the Eukaryotes

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3
Q

A Bacteria or Archaea parasitized another descendant cell of LUCA and eventually became a permanent part of the cell

A

Endosymbiosis

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4
Q

Unicellular
Independent

A

First Primitive Eukaryotes

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5
Q

Multi-cellular
Group of functions

A

Tissues

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6
Q

Multi-cellular
Group of Tissues

A

Organs

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7
Q

Unicellular

A

Protozoa

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8
Q

Unicellular

A

Fungi

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9
Q

Helminths

A

Worms
Larval Forms

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10
Q

Multicellular

A

Worms

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11
Q

Unicellular

A

Larval Forms

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12
Q

The variations

A

Form and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell: External Structures

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13
Q

Long
More hollow
Cell Membrane
Attached to microtubules
Expedites energy and coordinates mechanism in Cell Membrane

A

Eukaryotic Flagellum

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14
Q

Short
More numerous
Single group of Protozoa
Certain Animal Cells
Feeds and filters structures

A

Eukaryotic Cilia

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15
Q

Provides protection

A

Glycocalyx

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16
Q

Structural support

A

Cell Wall

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17
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Cytoplasmic Membrane

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18
Q

Strengthening features of all those lacking Cell Wall

A

Sterols

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19
Q

The extensions

A

Form and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell: Internal Structures

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20
Q

Compact sphere as the intended prominent organelle

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

External boundary

A

Nuclear Envelope

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22
Q

Regular spaces

A

Pores

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23
Q

Inner boundary

A

Nucleoplasm

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24
Q

RNA synthesizer

A

Nucleolus

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25
Q

Stained preparations

A

Chromatin

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26
Q

Cell information

A

Chromosomes

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27
Q

DNA molecules highlighted

A

Histone

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28
Q

Duplicated chromosomes are separated equally into daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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29
Q

Process of creating the supposed sex cells

A

Meiosis

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30
Q

Renders the transport and storage

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum / ER

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31
Q

Continuous network through the Cytoplasm

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum / RER

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32
Q

Permits cell space

A

Cisternae

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33
Q

Closed tubular network through nutrients

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum / SER

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34
Q

Protein modifier

A

Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Complex / Golgi Body

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35
Q

Picks up vesicles

A

Transitional Vesicles

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36
Q

Pinches off vesicles

A

Condensing Vesicles

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37
Q

Protects microorganisms

A

Lysosome

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38
Q

Membrane-bound sacs

A

Vacuoles

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39
Q

Merging structure

A

Phagolysosome

40
Q

Control center

A

Mitochondria

41
Q

Holds the enzymes and electron-carriers

A

Cristae

42
Q

Complex fluid

A

Matrix

43
Q

Converts energy

A

Chloroplasts

44
Q

Third membrane needed

A

Thylakoids

45
Q

Structure carrying pigment

A

Grana

46
Q

Surrounding substance

A

Stroma

47
Q

Types of Cytoskeletal Elements

A

Actin Filaments
Intermediate Filaments
Microtubules

48
Q

Flexible intracellular tendons

A

Intermediate Filaments

49
Q

Long, thin protein, for cellular movements

A

Actin Filaments

50
Q

Long, hollow tubes, for shape maintenance

A

Microtubules

51
Q

Ropelike structures for structural reinforcements

A

Intermediate Filaments

52
Q

Process Through The Cell

A

Glycocalyx
Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Endocytosis
Vesicles
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear Pores
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Protein Synthesis
Transitional Vesicles
Golgi Apparatus
Condensing Vesicles
Lysosome > Recycle / Matrix > Transport

53
Q

Is of variety and complexity

A

The Fungi

54
Q

Two Groups of Fungi

A

Macroscopic Fungi
Microscopic Fungi

55
Q

Mushrooms
Puffballs
Gill Fungi

A

Macroscopic Fungi

56
Q

Molds
Yeasts

A

Microscopic Fungi

57
Q

Two Morphologies of Fungi

A

Yeasts
Hyphae

58
Q

Round, oval shape

A

Yeasts

59
Q

Swelling surface

A

Buds

60
Q

Long, threadlike cells

A

Hyphae

61
Q

Chain Buds

A

Pseudohypha

62
Q

Takes upon either form

A

Dimorphic

63
Q

Widely varied

A

Heterotrophic

64
Q

Organic materials

A

Substrates

65
Q

Dead materials

A

Saprobes

66
Q

Divided mass

A

Septa

67
Q

Production of fungal reproductive bodies

A

Spores

68
Q

Sporangiospores / Sporangium
Conidiospores / Conidia

A

Asexual Spore Formation

69
Q

Production

A

Sexual Spore Formation

70
Q

Fungal Damages

A

Community-Acquired
Hospital-Associated
Opportunistic

71
Q

Fungal Benefits

A

Decomposes organic matter

72
Q

The bounding

A

The Protists

73
Q

Photosynthetic organisms

A

Algae

74
Q

Floating organisms

A

Plankton

75
Q

Clear outer layer
Locomotion, feeding, and protection

A

Ectoplasm

76
Q

Granular inner layer
Houses the nucleus, mitochondria, and food contractile vacuoles

A

Endoplasm

77
Q

Boundary

A

Pellicle

78
Q

Fresh and marine water
Soil
Plants
Animals

A

Predominant Habitats

79
Q

Blunt, branched, or long and pointed, depending on particular organisms

A

Pseudopods

80
Q

Attachment

A

Flagella

81
Q

Lining

A

Cilia

82
Q

Exchange of micronuclei

A

Conjugation

83
Q

Flagella Motility

A

Those using Flagella to move

84
Q

Amoeba Movement

A

Those using Amoeboid Motion to move

85
Q

Sporozoa
Sporozoites

A

Those with no motility

86
Q

Feeding / Others

A

Active / Feeding Stage
Cell rounds up, loses motility
Early cyst wall formation
Mature cyst
Cyst wall breaks open
Reactive / Other Stage

87
Q

The worms

A

The Helminths

88
Q

Two Groups of Parasitic Helminths

A

Flatworms
Roundworms

89
Q

Thin, often segmented body

A

Flatworms

90
Q

Long, cylindrical unsegmented body

A

Roundworms

91
Q

Tapeworms

A

Cestodes

92
Q

Flukes

A

Trematodes

93
Q

Life Cycle of Helminths

A

Embryo
Larval
Adult

94
Q

Separate sexes
Same sexes

A

Hermaphroditic

95
Q

Adulthood
Mating

A

Definitive Host

96
Q

Infective Stages in Humans

A

Ingestion
Tissue Penetration
Food
Soil
Water

MC_103 | Microbiology and Parasitology (10 decks)

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