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MC_103 | Microbiology and Parasitology > Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens between the microorganisms and the Nervous System

A

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

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2
Q

The normality

A

The Nervous System, Its Defense, and Normal Biota

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3
Q

Central Nervous System / CNS

A

Brain
Spinal Cord

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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System / PNS

A

Ganglia
Nerves

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5
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A

Sensory
Integrative
Motor

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6
Q

Dense structures

A

Neurons

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7
Q

Tough casing

A

Meninges

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8
Q

Necessary Layers of the Meninges

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

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9
Q

Provided cushion space (CNS)

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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10
Q

Receives signals

A

Axons

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11
Q

Transmits signals

A

Dendrite Cells

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12
Q

Restricted permeability of blood vessels in Brain

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

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13
Q

Response apparent to complement challenges

A

Immunologically Privileged

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14
Q

Phagocytic activity

A

Microglial Cells

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15
Q

Directed activity

A

Brain Macrophages

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16
Q

Lacking

A

Normal Biota in the Nervous System

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17
Q

Potential link

A

Gut Microbiome and Nervous System

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18
Q

Brain Chemistry
Behavioral Changes

A

Gut-Brain Axis

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19
Q

The manifestations

A

Infectious Diseases Manifesting in the Nervous System

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20
Q

Inflammation of the Meninges

A

Meningitis

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21
Q

Photophobia
Headache
Painful or Stiff Neck
Fever
Leukocytosis

A

Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis

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22
Q

Red or purple lesions

A

Petechiae

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23
Q

‘Meningococcus’
Gram-Negative Diplococci
Epidemic Form of Meningitis

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

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24
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis

A

Causative Agent of Neisseria Meningitidis

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25
Q

Capsule
Endotoxin
IgA Protease

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Neisseria Meningitidis

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26
Q

Droplet Contact
14%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Neisseria Meningitidis

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27
Q

Gram-Stain
Rapid Antigenic Test or Oxidase Test
PCR Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Neisseria Meningitidis

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28
Q

Conjugated Vaccine
Ceftriaxone
Penicillin

A

Prevention and Treatment of Neisseria Meningitidis

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29
Q

‘Pneumococcus’
Gram-Positive Coccus
Community-Acquired Meningitis

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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30
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

A

Causative Agent of Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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31
Q

Capsule
Induction of Apoptosis
Hemolysin and Hydrogen Peroxide Production

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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32
Q

Droplet Contact
58%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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33
Q

Gram-Stain
CSF

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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34
Q

Prevnar Vaccine
Pneumovax Vaccine
Vancomycin or Ceftriaxone

A

Prevention and Treatment of Streptococcus Pneumoniae

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35
Q

‘Hib’
Gram-Negative Coccobacillus
Severe Meningitis

A

Haemophilus Influenzae

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36
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae

A

Causative Agent of Haemophilus Influenzae

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37
Q

Capsule

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of
Haemophilus Influenzae

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38
Q

Droplet Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of
Haemophilus Influenzae

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39
Q

Chocolate Agar

A

Culture / Diagnosis of
Haemophilus Influenzae

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40
Q

Hib Vaccine
Ceftriaxone

A

Prevention and Treatment of
Haemophilus Influenzae

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41
Q

Gram-Positive Coccobacilli

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

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42
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes

A

Causative Agent of Listeria Monocytogenes

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43
Q

Intracellular Growth

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Listeria Monocytogenes

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44
Q

Food Vehicle
33%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Listeria Monocytogenes

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45
Q

Cold Enrichment
Rapid Methods

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Listeria Monocytogenes

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46
Q

Cooking Food or Avoiding Unpasteurized Dairy Products
Ampicillin and Gentamicin

A

Prevention and Treatment of Listeria Monocytogenes

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47
Q

Chronic Meningitis

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

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48
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans

A

Causative Agent of Cryptococcus Neoformans

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49
Q

Capsule
Melanin Production

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Cryptococcus Neoformans

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50
Q

Air Vehicle
Dust Vehicle
90%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Cryptococcus Neoformans

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51
Q

Negative Staining
Biochemical Tests or DNA Probes
Cryptococcal Antigen Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Cryptococcus Neoformans

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52
Q

Amphotericin B
Flucytosine
Fluconazole

A

Prevention and Treatment of Cryptococcus Neoformans

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53
Q

‘Valley Fever’
Tumor-like Meninges

A

Coccidioides

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54
Q

Coccidioides

A

Causative Agent of Coccidioides

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55
Q

Granuloma Formation

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Coccidioides

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56
Q

Air Vehicle
Dust Vehicle
Soil Vehicle

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Coccidioides

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57
Q

Identification of Spherules
Sabouraud’s Agar

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Coccidioides

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58
Q

Avoiding Airborne Endospores
Fluconazole or Amphotericin B

A

Prevention and Treatment of Coccidioides

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59
Q

Aseptic Meningitis

A

Viral Meningitis

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60
Q

Viruses

A

Causative Agent of Viral Meningitis

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61
Q

Lytic Infection of Host Cells

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Viral Meningitis

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62
Q

Droplet Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Viral Meningitis

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63
Q

Absence of Bacteria, Fungi, and Protozoa
Antigen Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Viral Meningitis

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64
Q

Infection through birth canal

A

Neonatal and Infant Meningitis

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65
Q

Lancefield Group 5 Streptococci

A

Streptococcus Agalactiae

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66
Q

Capsule

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Streptococcus Agalactiae

67
Q

Streptococcus Agalactiae

A

Causative Agent of Streptococcus Agalactiae

68
Q

Vertical Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Streptococcus Agalactiae

69
Q

Treatment of Mother
Penicillin G and Aminoglycosides

A

Prevention and Treatment of Streptococcus Agalactiae

70
Q

KI Strain

A

Escherichia Coli

71
Q

Escherichia Coli

A

Causative Agent of Escherichia Coli

72
Q

Vertical Transmission
20%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Escherichia Coli

73
Q

Gram-Stain

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Escherichia Coli

74
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Prevention and Treatment of Escherichia Coli

75
Q

Gram-Negative Bacillus

A

Cronobacter Sakazakii

76
Q

Cronobacter Sakazakii

A

Causative Agent of Cronobacter Sakazakii

77
Q

Surviving Dry Conditions

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Cronobacter Sakazakii

78
Q

Food Vehicle

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Cronobacter Sakazakii

79
Q

Chromogenic Differential Agar
Rapid Detection Kits

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Cronobacter Sakazakii

80
Q

Safe Preparations
Broad-Spectrum Drugs

A

Prevention and Treatment of Cronobacter Sakazakii

81
Q

Inflammation of the Brain’s Meninges

A

Meningoencephalitis

82
Q

Small, flask-shaped Amoeba

A

Naegleria Fowleri

83
Q

Naegleria Fowleri

A

Causative Agent of Naegleria Fowleri

84
Q

Invasiveness

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Naegleria Fowleri

85
Q

Water Vehicle
97%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Naegleria Fowleri

86
Q

CSF
Brain Imaging
Biopsy

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Naegleria Fowleri

87
Q

Limit Warm Freshwater
Pentamidine
Sulfadiazine

A

Prevention and Treatment of Naegleria Fowleri

88
Q

Large, amoeboid Trophozoite

A

Acanthamoeba

89
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

Causative Agent of Acanthamoeba

90
Q

Invasiveness

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Acanthamoeba

91
Q

Direct Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Acanthamoeba

92
Q

CSF
Brain Imaging
Biopsy

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba

93
Q

Surgery
Pentamidine

A

Prevention and Treatment of Acanthamoeba

94
Q

Viral Infection

A

Acute Encephalitis

95
Q

Behavioral Changes
Decreased Consciousness

A

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Encephalitis

96
Q

Arthropod Vectors

A

Arboviruses

97
Q

West Nile Virus
La Crosse Virus
Jamestown Canyon Virus
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
Powassan Virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus

A

Causative Agents of Arboviruses

98
Q

Attachment
Fusion
Invasion Capabilities

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Arboviruses

99
Q

Arthropod Vector
95% / 3% / 0.5% / 0.4% / 0.3% / 0.3%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Arboviruses

100
Q

History
Rapid Serological Tests
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Arboviruses

101
Q

Insect Control

A

Prevention and Treatment of Arboviruses

102
Q

HSV-I
HSV-II

A

Herpes Simplex 1 / Herpes Simplex 2

103
Q

Herpes Simplex 1 Virus
Herpes Simplex 2 Virus

A

Causative Agents of Herpes Simplex 1 / Herpes Simplex 2

104
Q

Vertical Transmission
Reactivated Latent Infection

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex 1 / Herpes Simplex 2

105
Q

Clinical Presentation
PCR Test
Ab Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex 1 / Herpes Simplex 2

106
Q

Maternal Screening
Acyclovir

A

Prevention and Treatment of Herpes Simplex 1 / Herpes Simplex 2

107
Q

Protozoan Infection

A

Subacute Encephalitis

108
Q

Less striking rendered

A

Signs and Symptoms of Subacute Encephalitis

109
Q

Extensive worldwide distribution

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

110
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii

A

Causative Agent of Toxoplasma Gondii

111
Q

Intracellular Growth

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Toxoplasma Gondii

112
Q

Food Vehicle
Fecal-Oral Vehicle
15% - 29%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Toxoplasma Gondii

113
Q

Serological Detection of IgM
Histology

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Toxoplasma Gondii

114
Q

Personal Hygiene
Food Hygiene
Pyrimethamine or Leucovorin or Sulfadiazine

A

Prevention and Treatment of Toxoplasma Gondii

115
Q

‘Slow Virus Infection’

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

116
Q

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

A

Causative Agent of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

117
Q

Cell Fusion
Immune System Evasion

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

118
Q

Persistence of Measles Virus

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

119
Q

EEGs
MRI
Serology

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

120
Q

‘Proteinaceous Infectious Particles’

A

Prions

121
Q

Prions

A

Causative Agent of Prions

122
Q

Avoidance of Host Immune Response

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Prions

123
Q

CJD
98%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Prions

124
Q

Biopsy
Brain Imaging

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Prions

125
Q

Avoiding Meat and Instruments

A

Prevention and Treatment of Prions

126
Q

RNA Virus

A

Zika Virus

127
Q

Zika Virus

A

Causative Agent of Zika Virus

128
Q

Vertical Transmission
Sexual Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Zika Virus

129
Q

PCR Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Zika Virus

130
Q

Avoiding mosquitoes

A

Prevention and Treatment of Zika Virus

131
Q

Fatal Encephalitis

A

Rabies

132
Q

Rabies Virus

A

Causative Agent of Rabies

133
Q

Envelope Glycoprotein

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Rabies

134
Q

Parenteral Injection
Droplet Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Rabies

135
Q

DFA Test

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Rabies

136
Q

Inactivated Vaccine

A

Prevention and Treatment of Rabies

137
Q

Acute Enteroviral Infection

A

Poliomyelitis

138
Q

Fever
Headache
Nausea
Sore Throat
Myalgia

A

Signs and Symptoms of Poliomyelitis

139
Q

Infiltrates motor neurons

A

Neurotrophic

140
Q

Poliovirus

A

Causative Agent of Poliomyelitis

141
Q

Attachment Mechanisms

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Poliomyelitis

142
Q

Fecal-Oral Vehicle
99%

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis

143
Q

Serology

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Poliomyelitis

144
Q

‘Clostridium Tetani’
Gram-Positive Endospore Forming Rod

A

Tetanus

145
Q

Neurotoxin

A

Signs and Symptoms of Tetanus

146
Q

Clostridium Tetani

A

Causative Agent of Tetanus

147
Q

Tetanospasm Exotoxin

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Tetanus

148
Q

Parenteral Injection
Direct Contact

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Tetanus

149
Q

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization
Sedation

A

Prevention and Treatment of Tetanus

150
Q

Caused by exotoxin

A

Intoxication

151
Q

‘Clostridium Botulinum’

A

Botulism Disease

152
Q

Clostridium Botulinum

A

Causative Agent of Botulism Disease

153
Q

Botulinum Exotoxin

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of Botulism Disease

154
Q

Food Vehicle
Direct Contact
Parenteral Injection

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of Botulism Disease

155
Q

Organism
Toxin

A

Culture / Diagnosis of Botulism Disease

156
Q

Food Hygiene
Antitoxin

A

Prevention and Treatment of Botulism Disease

157
Q

‘Trypanosoma Brucei’

A

African Sleeping Sickness

158
Q

Intermittent Fever
Extreme Fatigue

A

Signs and Symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness

159
Q

Trypanosoma Brucei

A

Causative Agent of African Sleeping Sickness

160
Q

Immune Evasion
Antigen Shifting

A

Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of African Sleeping Sickness

161
Q

Vector
Vertical Transmission

A

Transmission and Epidemiology of African Sleeping Sickness

162
Q

Blood
CSF

A

Culture / Diagnosis of African Sleeping Sickness

163
Q

Vector Control
Suramin or Pentamidine
Eflornithine or Melarsoprol

A

Prevention and Treatment of African Sleeping Sickness

MC_103 | Microbiology and Parasitology (10 decks)

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